内蒙古兴安盟近30年土地利用时空变化特征研究

Study on Spatiotemporal Change Characteristics of Land Use in Hinggan League of Inner Mongolia in Recent 30 years

基于Landsat遥感影像数据,运用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵和重心迁移研究方法,分析了内蒙古兴安盟1990~2020年土地利用空间变化。结果表明:①1990~2020年耕地、草地、建设用地面积增加,其他土地类型土地面积减少;建设用地呈现扩张趋势,主要由草地和耕地转化而来。②1990~2020年间耕地的动态度均高于其他类型的土地,水域动态度未发生明显变化(-0.01%)。③耕地、林地草地重心在1990~2000年间重心迁移的距离较大,主要由于人口数量的增加,使得对耕地的开发力度增强;水域重心发生变化的原因主要与气候因素及人们对于水域的开发程度有关;1990~2020年间建设用地的重心一直向南偏东方向移动,移动距离较短。研究结果可为兴安盟未来生态环境保护、土地利用趋势及政策的制定提供参考。

To clarify the spatiotemporal changes of land use in Hinggan Leagua of Inner Mongolia can provide scientific basis for the rational development of land resources and ecological environment protection in this area.Based on the Landsat remote sensing image data of the United States,this paper analyzes the spatial changes of land use in Hinggan Leagua of Inner Mongolia from 1990 to 2020 by using dynamic degree,land use transfer matrix and center of gravity transfer research methods.The results showed that:①the area of cultivated land,grassland and construction land increased from 1990 to 2020,while the area of other land types decreased;The construction land shows an expansion trend,which is mainly transformed from grassland and cultivated land;②From 1990 to 2020,the dynamic degree of cultivated land was higher than that of other types of land,and the dynamic degree of water area did not change significantly(-0.01%);③The center of gravity of cultivated land,forest land and grassland moved a large distance between 1990 and 2000,mainly due to the increase of population,which made the development of cultivated land more intensive.The reason for the change of the center of gravity of the water area is mainly related to climate factors and people's development of the water area.From 1990 to 2020,the center of gravity of the construction land has been moving towards the south by east,with a relatively short distance.The research results can provide theoretical basis for the future land use trend and policy formulation in Hinggan Leagua.