论新中国成立以来黄梅戏抗战题材剧目的当代美育价值

On the Contemporary Aesthetic Value of Huangmei Opera's Anti-Japanese War Drama since the Founding ofthe People's Republic of China

新中国成立以来,黄梅戏抗战题材剧创作呈现出高度繁荣的发展态势,就历史维度而言,其先后历经了三大发展阶段。十七年时期,为响应全国戏曲改革工作的要求,黄梅戏抗战题材剧着力于展示党团结带领人民群众投身社会主义建设事业的成果,出现了数量不多的正面描写抗战生活的剧作;改革开放时期则重新回归到对抗战生活的表现,大多从普通民众的视角切入,刻画普通人的情感心理状态;21世纪以来,随着剧院体制改革工作的推进,黄梅戏抗战题材剧更加注重迎合当代受众的审美趣味,不少以女性生活为主题的剧作先后涌现出来。就艺术维度而言,“小人物”现“大历史”的叙事模式、“典型”与“非典型”相结合的人物塑造方式、雅俗兼备与诗化写意的舞美追求是新中国成立以来黄梅戏抗战题材剧的三大美学特征。在当代高校美育语境下,以黄梅戏抗战题材剧为代表的抗战题材戏曲对于强化大学生的中华民族认同、丰富“四史”教育的形式、传播中华优秀传统文化发挥着无可替代的积极功能。

Since the founding of new China,the creation of Huangmei Opera anti-Japanese war drama has shown a highly prosperous development trend,which has gone through three major development stages in terms of historical dimension.In response to the requirements of the national opera reform work,the“seventeen year period”Huangmei Opera anti-Japanese war drama focuses on showing the real life of the Party and the people involved in the construction of the socialist cause,and rarely describes the anti-Japanese war life positively;the“reform and opening up period”returned to the performance of anti-Japanese war life,mostly from the perspective of ordinary people,depicting the emotional and psychological state of ordinary people;Since the new century,with the advancement of theater system reform,Huangmei Opera anti-Japanese war dramas have paid more attention to catering to the aesthetic taste of contemporary audiences,and many dramas with the theme of women’s life have emerged one after another.As far as the artistic dimension is concerned,the narrative mode of“little people”showing“great history”,the way of characterization combining“typical”and“atypical”,and the pursuit of dance beauty with both elegance and vulgarity and poetic freehand brushwork are three aesthetic characteristics of the anti-Japanese war drama of Huangmei Opera in New China.In the context of contemporary college aesthetic education,Huangmei Opera plays an irreplaceable positive role in strengthening college students’sense of national identity,enriching the form of“four histories”education,and disseminating Chinese excellent traditional culture.