上海市0~35个月婴幼儿睡眠状况及影响因素分析

Sleep problems and influencing factors among infants aged 0-35 months in Shanghai

目的了解上海市婴幼儿的睡眠状况及影响因素,为婴幼儿睡眠问题的预防和干预提供参考依据。方法以在上海市闵行区妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊接受体检的457名0~35个月的婴幼儿为研究对象,由家长现场完成婴幼儿简明睡眠问卷(brief infant sleep questionnaire,BISQ)及基本信息问卷。采用单因素及Logistic回归分析各类睡眠问题的影响因素。结果婴幼儿平均睡眠时间,白天为(3.95±2.20)h,夜间为(9.41±1.32)h,全天为(13.37±2.28)h。各年龄组白天和全天总睡眠时间随着年龄增加而逐渐减少(P<0.05),夜间睡眠时间随着年龄增加而逐渐增加(P<0.05)。婴幼儿全天睡眠时间在推荐范围内占83.6%,且随年龄的增长睡眠时间符合推荐范围的比例逐渐升高。睡眠问题的发生率为54.70%,入睡困难的发生率最高(28.45%),其次是夜醒(19.69%)和睡眠节律紊乱(17.94%),睡眠呼吸问题的发生率最低(4.16%)。单因素分析发现,年龄、喂养方式、房间亮度、房间温度、睡眠房间、睡床方式及入睡方式与婴幼儿的睡眠问题的发生相关。Logistic回归分析发现,房间温度适宜(OR=0.21,P=0.045)、非独自入睡(OR=2.48,P=0.005)可预测婴幼儿睡眠问题的发生风险。结论上海市0~35个月婴幼儿睡眠问题发生率较高,建议加强睡眠科普宣教,指导家长通过打造适宜的睡眠环境和培养良好的睡眠习惯以促进婴幼儿睡眠健康。

Objective To explore the current status of sleep and influencing factors among infants in Shanghai,and provide reference for the prevention and intervention of infants’sleep problems.Methods A total of 457 infants aged 0-35 months,who underwent medical inspection in the Child Health Clinic of Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of MinhangDistrict of Shanghai,were enrolled.Their parents completed the brief infant sleep questionnaire(BISQ)and the general information questionnaire.Univariate factor and Logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of various sleep problems.ResultsThe average sleep time of the infants was(3.95±2.20)h during daytime,(9.41±1.32)h atnight,and(13.37±2.28)h per day,respectively.The infants’daytime and full day sleep time decreased with age rising(P<0.05),but the night sleep time increased with age rising(P<0.05).The proportion of infants whose full day sleep time was in the recommended range was 83.6%,which gradually increased with age rising.The incidence of sleep problemsin all infants was 54.70%,with highest incidence on difficulty in falling asleep(28.45%),followed by nocturnal awake(19.69%)andsleeprhythm disorder(17.94%),andthesleep breathingproblemwas the lowest(4.16%).The univariate factor analysis showed that age,current feeding way,room brightness,room temperature,sleeping room,sleeping bed,and ways to fall asleep were associated with sleep problems.Logistic regression analysis showed that appropriate room temperature(OR=0.21,P=0.045)and not sleeping alone(OR=2.48,P=0.005)were significant predictors to sleep problems.Conclusion Sleep problems are common among infants aged 0-35 months in Shanghai.It is suggested to strengthen science education related to sleep health knowledge,and guide the parents to provide suitable sleep environment and help infants establish good sleep habits for promoting sleep health.