我国口岸动植物检疫制度实施困境及其破解——基于实现通关便利化目标的视角

Implementation Dilemma and Solution of Port Animal and Plant Quarantine System in China——From the Perspective of Realizing the Goal of Customs Clearance Facilitation

口岸动植物检疫可有效防范动植物疫情在我国境内的传播蔓延、保护物种多样化以及维护国家生态安全和社会公共利益。目前,我国口岸动植物检疫面临十分严峻的安全形势,存在过度追求通关便利化、海关机构改革导致的人员专业知识缺失、监管不足等困境。在口岸动植物检疫工作中,存在维护国家生态安全和实现通关便利化的检疫目的二元论问题。追求通关便利化不应以牺牲国家生态安全为代价,探索引入谨慎原则、第三方检测机构制度、企业合规制度在口岸动植物检疫中的应用,可有效筑牢国门生物安全防线并提升通关便利化水平。

Port animal and plant quarantine can effectively prevent the spread of animal and plant epidemics in China,protect species diversity,and safeguard national ecological security and social public interests.At present,China's port animal and plant quarantine is facing a very serious security situation.There are many difficulties,such as the excessive pursuit of customs clearance facilitation,the lack of professional knowledge of personnel and insufficient supervision caused by the reform of customs institutions.In the work of animal and plant quarantine at ports,there is a dualistic problem of the quarantine purpose of maintaining national ecological security and realizing the facilitation of customs clearance.The pursuit of customs clearance facilitation should not be at the expense of national ecological security.Exploring the application of the principle of prudence,the third-party testing institution system and the enterprise compliance system in port animal and plant quarantine can effectively strengthen the national biosafety defense line and improve the level of customs clearance facilitation.