作为国家机器的意识形态——对阿尔都塞“意识形态国家机器理论”的阐述与思考

The Ideology as a State Apparatus——Elaboration and Reflection on Althusser’s Theory of Ideological State Apparatus

阿尔都塞运用结构主义的方法,从上层建筑角度出发对马克思主义国家理论进行重新理解,将“描述性的理论”上升到了理论本身,提出了与镇压性国家机器相对的“意识形态国家机器理论”。党的十八以来,习近平总书记多次强调加强党的意识形态工作的极端重要性,学习阿尔都塞的“意识形态国家机器理论”对我国的实践活动具有重要的现实意义。但“意识形态国家机器理论”归根是阿尔都塞对马克思主义的创新性发展,要随着时代的发展,在解决现实问题的基础上对其进行思考和发展。

Althusser,using the method of structuralism,reinterprets Marxist state theory from the perspective of superstructure,raises the“descriptive theory”to the theory itself,and puts forward the“ideological state machine theory”as opposed to the repressive state apparatus.Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC,general secretary Xi Jinping has been constantly stressing the importance of strengthening the party’s ideological work.Studying Althusser’s theory of ideological state machine has important practical signifi cance for our practical activities;however,the“ideological state machine theory”is Althusser’s innovative development of Marxism at bottom.We should rethink and develop it based on solving practical problems along with the development of the times.