世界奇幻电影发展历程与趋势

Development process and trend of world fantasy films

“奇幻电影”是通过想象创造出来的、以拥有各种超自然现象、并按照自己的规则运行的“第二世界”为表现对象的电影。2018年以后,才在中国学术界逐渐形成“奇幻电影”类型观念。中国学者梳理的世界奇幻电影发展简史有利于超越西方中心主义,为世界奉献出更加包容多元的发展史。奇幻电影产生于20世纪初期的默片时代,中国奇幻电影与世界奇幻电影几乎同步产生发展。英国、美国、德国、意大利、法国和日本都为早期世界奇幻电影做出过杰出贡献,然而之后相当长一段时间内,奇幻电影都以美国电影为主。早期奇幻电影由宗教、神话、传说、民间故事、童话和哥特文学改编而成。70年代之后,出现了根据现代奇幻文学改编的奇幻电影,并渐成潮流。21世纪至今,世界各国都为奇幻电影奉上了自己的佳作。

The“Fantasy Film”is created through imagination.It displays“a Secondary World”various supernatural phenomena that operate according to their own rules.It was only after 2018 that the concept of“fantasy film”was gradually formed in Chinese academia.The brief history of the development of fantasy film,proposed by Chinese scholars,breaks away from west-centrism in this field and presents a more inclusive and diversified history of film for the world.The fantasy film came into being in the silent film era in the early 20th century.The Chinese fantasy film and the world fantasy film almost developed at the same time.Britain,the United States,Germany,Italy,France and Japan all made outstanding contributions to the early world fantasy films.However,for quite a long time,the fantasy films were dominated by American films.Early fantasy films were adapted from religion,myths,legends,folklore,fairy tales and Gothic literature.After the 1970s,fantasy films adapted from modern fantasy literature appeared and gradually became a trend.Since the 21st century,countries all over the world have presented their own Masterpieces for fantasy films.