抗日战争时期国共两党祭祀黄帝陵的文化认同与政治分歧

The Cultural Identity and Political Differences of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in Offering Sacrifices to the Tomb of the HuangDi during the Anti-Japanese War

抗日战争时期,国共两党和社会各界通过清明节到黄帝陵扫墓、祭祀中华人文始祖轩辕黄帝的仪式,对于增进民族文化认同、提振民族自信心、凝聚抗日救亡力量,发挥着积极的社会作用并产生了广泛影响。在国民党和国民政府主持的连续9次清明祭祀活动中,共产党和陕甘宁边区政府仅参加3次,其身份为“从祭”“陪祭”,国统区官方新闻只字不提。文化仪式的背后,是国共两党政治分歧的严重撕裂与政党属性的巨大差异。国民党作为执政党,没有妥善化解分歧,消除差异;而共产党则高举抗日民族统一战线旗帜,求同存异,善于在把握大势大局中求生存,谋发展。

During the Anti-Japanese War period,the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and all walks of life through offering sacrifices to the tomb of the HuangDi Emperor on the Tomb-Sweeping Day,worship the Chinese culture ancestor XuanYuan Emperor ceremony,to enhance the national cultural identity,boost national confidence,cohesion of anti-Japanese strength,play a positive social role and have a wide impact.In the nine consecutive Tomb-Sweeping Day sacrificial activities hosted by the Kuomintang and the Nationalist government,the Communist Party and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Area government only participated in three times.Their identities were"subordinate sacrifices"and"accompanying sacrifices",which were not mentioned in the official news of the Kuomintang-controlled area.Behind the cultural ceremony was the serious tear of the political differences between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the huge difference in the nature of political parties.As the ruling party,the Kuomintang fails to properly resolve differences and eliminate differences.The Communist Party,on the other hand,holds high the banner of anti-Japanese national united front,seeks common ground while reserving differences,and is good at grasping the overall situation and seeking survival and development.