明代秦藩与朝廷官员的社会交往——以墓志撰书人为中心

The Social Communication Between the Imperial Clan of Qin and Government Officials--Centered on the Writers and Calligraphers of Epitaphs

由朝廷官员参与撰书的墓志,是探究明代秦藩与朝廷官员社交状况的重要文献。从墓志中可以看出,秦藩与部分撰书官员存在着长期的请托关系,撰书官员内部也互有分工与合作,形成了固定的“撰书圈”。秦藩墓志的撰书官员多为异地任职的西安府籍人士,且多为离任还乡之人,这表明藩禁政策在明中后期仍旧是限制秦藩与官员交往的重要因素。但值得注意的是,秦藩与撰书官员之间的交往,也同时呈现出对藩禁的有限突破以及关系多重交错的特征。这意味着明中后期朝廷对宗藩的管控力实际上趋于式微,秦藩已经在封地构建起更为深入而多元的社会关系。

Epitaphs are important documents to explore the social communication between the imperial clan of Qin and government officials in the Ming Dynasty.The imperial clan of Qin had a long-term entrustment relations with some of the officials who wrote epitaphs,and officials became a fixed"writing circle".Most of the officials were from Xi'an and took office in other places,and most of them left their office and returned to their hometown when they wrote the epitaphs.This indicates that the government's ban policy was still an important factor restricting the communication between the imperial clan of Qin and officials in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.But it is worth noting that the interaction between the imperial clan of Qin and the officials who wrote epitaphs also shows the limited breakthrough to the ban and the characteristics of multiple interlaced relations.This means that the Ming government's control power weakened,and the imperial clan of Qin had already built more in-depth and diversified social relations in the fiefdoms since the middle and late Ming Dynasty.