从TPP到IPEF:美国亚太经济战略的制度创新

From TPP to IPEF:Institutional Innovation of the US’Asia-Pacific Economic Strategy

拜登政府虽然宣布回归多边主义,但并未重返“跨太平洋伙伴关系协定”(TPP),而是创建“印太经济框架”(IPEF)这一新型区域经济架构。IPEF“四大支柱”明确了美国所要关注的重点方向和关键领域,不同支柱之间的相互关系又勾勒出美国在亚太地区践行经济战略的具体行动路径。与TPP相比,IPEF在战略方式、组织架构、合作形式等方面均与之存在实质性差异。两者都可以被视为美国在亚太“竞赢中国”的地缘经济武器,但IPEF的推出是美国根据现实变化做出的战略制度创新,既是其适应自身政治和经济条件的需要,又是为配合大国竞争与争取盟伴国家支持的需要。IPEF的推出标志着美国亚太区域经济战略的再转型,其目标是有的放矢地削弱中国经济优势。

Although Biden announced his return to multilateralism,he did not return to the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement(TPP).Instead,he built the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework(IPEF)as a new regional economic institutional framework.The IPEF’s four pillars defined the main directions and essential issues on which the United States should focus,and the relationships between each pillar outlined the specific action paths of US economic strategy.There are significant differences between TPP and IPEF.Although both TPP and IPEF could be considered as geo-economic tools for the United States to outcompete China,the introduction of IPEF is a strategic institutional innovation made by the United States based on new changes in reality.On the one hand,the United States is adapting to its own political and economic conditions.On the other hand,it is to meet the needs of great power competition and win the support of allies.IPEF may mark another change in US international economic strategy and is a targeted economic strategy aimed at weakening China’s economic advantages.