易地扶贫搬迁女性移民的社会适应路径研究

Study on the path of female immigrants'social adaptation in poverty alleviation in inhospitable areas

易地扶贫搬迁是精准扶贫工程之一,女性移民是维护家庭和谐稳定的纽带,其在安置地良好的社会适应水平,对实现易地扶贫搬迁“稳得住,能致富”目标具有重要意义。女性移民的受教育程度、务工经历和参照群体等因素会对自身社会适应状况产生影响,其社会适应水平的提高是一个相对缓慢的过程,且并非同步增长。其中,生活适应水平的提升是最快的,而经济适应水平的提高在短时间内难以实现。同时,女性移民社会适应的路径在不同阶段具有不同特点,经济适应状况在搬迁初期会显著影响心理适应状况,而随着时间的延长,生活适应状况会对女性移民的心理适应状况产生滞后但持续的影响。另外,女性移民的无酬照料被忽视,也是限制其社会适应水平提高的因素。应从落实安置政策、完善就业技能培训、开展社区活动和加大对女性移民无酬照料的扶持等方面入手,提升女性移民社会适应水平。

The relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas is one of the targeted poverty alleviation projects.Female immigrants are the link of maintaining family harmony and stability.Their good social adaptability level in the resettlement place is of great significance to realizing the goal of"being stable and getting rich"in the relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospita-ble areas.Factors such as education degree,migrant experience and reference groups will affect their own social adaptation sta-tus.The improvement of their social adaptation level is a relatively slow process,and not synchronous growth.Among them,the improvement of living adaptation level is the fastest,and the improvement of economic adaptation level is difficult to achieve in a short period of time.At the same time,the internal mechanism of social adaptation of female immigrants has different charac-teristics in different stages.The economic adaptation situation will significantly affect the psychological adaptation situation in the early stage of relocation.With the extension of time,the life adaptation situation will have a lag but continuous impact on the psy-chological adaptation situation of female immigrants.In addition,the neglect of unpaid care of female immigrants is also a factor restricting the improvement of their social adaptation level.We should improve the implementation of resettlement policies,im-prove employment skills training,carry out community activities and increase support for unpaid care of female immigrants.