旅游者空间路径聚类与旅游活动模式实证研究——以张家界为例

Tourists'Spatial Path Clustering and Tourism Activity Pattern:An Example of Zhangjiajie

旅游者空间路径本质上是带有时间序列特征的个体行为空间选择。以序列为依据建立旅游者向量空间路径模型,通过动态时间规整(DTW)计算空间路径之间的序列相似性,采用基于密度的空间聚类(DBSCAN)可实现旅游者空间路径聚类。以张家界游客为案例进行实证分析,得出旅游者12个空间路径类型,5类旅游活动模式:双心往复、单心聚焦、单点融合、多点串链和双城协同。结果显示,空间路径的类间差异具有显著的层次特征,其时间长短和空间位置可得到较好甄别。文章在刻画空间路径的基础上揭示了张家界旅游者全时间管理特征以及由旅游者时空行为所定义的3类景—城关系,即“景”与“城”的相对性、“景”与“城”逐渐融合以及更大范围内的“景”“城”关系,在提升旅游者旅游质量、优化旅游城市空间布局以及区域旅游特色协同方面提出了相关建议。

Tourists'spatial path is essentially the choice of individual behavior space with time series characteristics.The tourist vector spatial path model is established based on the sequence,and the sequence similarity between spatial paths is calculated through dynamic time warping(DTW).The tourists'spatial path clustering can be realized by using DBSCAN.Taken Zhangjiajie as a case,this paper summarizes 12 types of spatial path and 5 types of tourism activity pattern which include dual-center model,single-center aggregation model,single-point integration model,multi-point chain model and dual-city collaboration model.The results show that it has significant hierarchical characteristics among the interclass spatial path,and well distinguishes their time length and spatial location.On the basis of describing the spatial path,the article also reveals the characteristics of Zhangjiajie tourists'full-time management and three types of scene-city relationships defined by tourists'space-time behavior,namely,the relativity of"scenery"and"city",the gradual integration of"scenery"and"city",and the broader"scenery"and"city"relationship,which can provide relevant suggestions on improving the tourism quality of tourists optimizing the spatial layout of tourism cities and working in coordination with regional tourism characteristics.