中药单体抗胰腺癌研究进展

Chinese Medicine Monomers Against Pancreatic Cancer:A Review

胰腺癌是一种致死率很高的疾病,其5年生存率不超过10%,且每年死亡率明显升高。胰腺癌常见发病因素多为家族遗传、饮食、胰腺炎、肥胖等,其中,胰腺癌家族遗传是其主要原因,有7%~10%的患者具有家族遗传史。手术治疗是治疗胰腺癌患者和提高其生存率的有效方法,但大多数人确诊时已是中晚期,由于病变位置无法进行切除,失去了手术治疗的最佳时机。故而临床多使用放射治疗、介入治疗、支持治疗、免疫治疗等治疗方法从多方面缓解患者症状,延长生存期。临床常用药物为吉西他滨,但吉西他滨抑制肿瘤生长缓解病情的同时易产生骨髓抑制、皮疹、消化道不良反应、耐药等问题。这些不良反应对于人体的损害是全身性的,而中药既可单独入药也可联合其他治疗手段应用,降低化疗不良反应,恢复患者的体能,减轻其相关并发症。中药含有大量的活性成分,包括生物碱类、黄酮类、皂苷类、酚酸类、有机酸类等有效成分,具有抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等疗效。中医许多肿瘤临床研究验证了中医药在肿瘤防治中起到积极作用,尤其是在改善和控制临床症状,对放化疗也起到很好的解毒作用,在改善骨髓抑制、提高免疫力、提高生存质量、延长生存期等各个方面,都取得了良好的效果。该文通过检索国内外文献对中药单体抗胰腺癌机制综述,旨在为胰腺癌的治疗提供新的潜在药物候选。

Pancreatic cancer is a disease with a high fatality rate,with a five-year survival rate of no more than 10%and a significantly increasing annual mortality rate.The common pathogenesis factors of pancreatic cancer are family inheritance,diet,pancreatitis,obesity,etc.,among which,family inheritance of pancreatic cancer is the main reason,and about 7%-10%of patients have family inheritance.Surgery is an effective way to treat pancreatic cancer in patients and improve their survival,but most people are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at intermediate and advanced stages and lose the opportunity for surgical treatment.Therefore,radiotherapy,interventional therapy,supportive treatment,immunotherapy,and other treatments are used clinically to relieve symptoms and prolong the survival of patients.The commonly used clinical drug is gemcitabine.Although it can inhibit tumor growth and improve the condition,it can bring side effects such as bone marrow suppression,rash,digestive tract side effects,and drug resistance.The damage of these side effects to the human body is systemic.Chinese medicine can be used alone or in combination with other treatment methods to reduce the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy,restore the physical energy of patients,and reduce its related complications.Chinese medicine contains a large number of active ingredients,including alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,phenolic acids,and organic acids,with anti-inflammatory,anti-viral,anti-tumor,and other curative effects.Many clinical studies of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)on cancers have verified that TCM plays a positive role in tumor prevention and treatment,especially in improving and controlling clinical symptoms,and also plays a good detoxification effect on radiotherapy and chemotherapy,with good results achieved in improving bone marrow suppression,improving immunity,improving quality of life,and prolonging survival.This paper reviewed the anti-pancreatic cancer mechanism of Chinese medicine monomers based on literature in China and abroad,aiming to provide new potential drug candidates for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.