板簧式弹性金属车轮胎面弹片结构优化

Optimization of the tread plate-spring structure of flexible metal wheel with plate-spring

针对现有板簧式弹性金属车轮容易产生应力集中或塑性变形现象,对胎面出现应力集中和大变形原因进行了分析。建立了常规拱形胎面、双边弧形胎面结构三维模型,运用有限元分析方法,对2种胎面在平压、胎面中部承压、胎面单侧承压3种工况下的变形和受力状态模拟,分析表明,胎面两端固定的连接方式会对胎面的受力情况产生影响,造成胎面局部刚度过大或承载能力不足的缺陷。根据仿真结果进一步优化,提出耦合弹性胎面结构,改变胎面两端固定约束,将胎面径向位移转移到轮毂轴向外扩,通过轴向位移实现径向位移的拓展。有限元模拟表明,在3种相同工况下,耦合弹性胎面结构可获得更大的径向变形,且胎面具备均匀刚度,变形连续,不产生应力集中区域。试制了耦合弹性金属车轮,并进行车轮承压试验,结果表明耦合弹性胎面结构可有效扩大车轮的径向位移能力,且胎面具备足够的刚度,验证了设计耦合弹性胎面结构的优势。

To solve the problem that conventional flexible metal wheels with plate-spring simply have stress concentrations or plastic deformation,the cause of stress concentrations and large deformations in the tread is analyzed.The three-dimensional models of conventional arched tread and bilateral curved tread structure are established.And the deformation and load of the two treads are simulated under three working conditions of flat pressure,middle tread pressure and unilateral tread pressure by using finite element analysis method.The analysis shows that the restrained connection method of the ends of the tread will affect the stress situation of the tread and cause the excessive local rigidity or insufficient load capacity of the tread.According to the simulation results,the coupled flexible tread structure is proposed.The structure that restricts the ends of the tread has been changed.The radial displacement of the tread is transferred to the axial outward tension of the hub,and then the radial displacement is expanded by the axial displacement.Finite element simulation shows that the coupled flexible tread structure can obtain same greater radial deformation under all the three working conditions,and the tread has uniform rigidity,continuous deformation and no stress concentration area.The result shows that the coupled flexible tread structure can effectively expand the radial displacement capacity of the wheel,and the tread has sufficient rigidity,which verifies the advantages of designing the coupled flexible tread structure.