鲜食玉米仿生摘穗装置设计与试验

Design and experiment of bionic ear picking device for fresh corn

针对现有鲜食玉米摘穗作业收获后果穗籽粒破损、掺杂茎叶等问题,模仿玉米果穗人工掰穗收获姿态,设计了一种鲜食玉米仿生摘穗装置,以降低果穗上籽粒损伤,减少功耗,提高收获质量,并对该摘穗装置进行了结构设计及参数分析。采用二次正交旋转组合试验,以摘穗辊转速、夹持机构倾角、夹持机构间隙、机组前进速度为影响因素,以籽粒破碎率、果穗含杂率、功耗为试验指标,并运用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行方差和响应曲面分析,得到影响因素和响应曲面之间的数学模型及因素贡献率,并对模型进行试验验证。结果表明,当摘穗辊转速为465 r/min、夹持机构倾角为19°、夹持机构间隙为8 mm、机组前进速度为1.2 m/s时,对应的试验指标籽粒破碎率均值为0.88%、果穗含杂率均值为1.3%、功耗均值为3.1 kW,装置作业稳定性良好。田间试验结果表明,籽粒破碎率均值为0.87%、果穗含杂率均值为1.22%、功耗均值为3.0 kW,降低了果穗含杂率和损伤,减少了功耗,其性能满足鲜食玉米收获作业要求。

Aiming at the problems of damage to ears and grains and adulteration of stems and leaves due to the harvesting of the existing fresh corn ear picking operations,imitating the posture of manual harvesting of corn ears,a bionic ear picking device for fresh corn was designed to reduce grain damage on ears,reduce the power consumption,and improve the harvest quality.The structure design and parameter analysis of the ear picking device were carried out.A quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was used,taking the rotation speed of the picking roller,the angle of inclination clamping mechanism,the gap of the clamping mechanism and the forward speed of the unit as the influencing factors,take grain crushing rate,ear impurity rate,and power consumption as the test indicators.And using Design-Expert software to analyze the variance and response surface of the test data,the mathematical model and factor contribution rate between the influencing factors and the response surface were obtained,and the model is tested and verified.The results show that when the rotation speed of the breaking roller was 465 r/min,the angle of inclination clamping mechanism was 19°,the gap of the clamping mechanism was 8 mm,and the forward speed of the unit was 1.2 m/s,and the corresponding evaluation indexes were as follows:the average grain crushing rate was 0.88%,the average ear impurity rate was 1.3%,the average power consumption was 3.1 kW,and the operation stability of the device is good.Field test results show that the average grain crushing rate was 0.87%,the average ear impurity rate was 1.22%,and the average power consumption is 3.0 kW,which reduces ear impurity and damage,reduces power consumption,and its performance meets the requirements of fresh corn harvesting operations.