生态安全的影响因素与基本特征研究进展

Research Progress on Influencing Factors and Basic Characteristics of Ecological Security

生态安全是可持续发展的重要基础、国家安全的重要支撑,也是我国生态系统研究的热点科学问题。针对生态安全概念在内涵和外延方面存在的模糊性、争议性问题,剖析了狭义和广义生态安全的内涵,将生态安全定义为“人的生存与发展免受生态系统产品和服务供给限制、免遭生态退化危害、免受生态风险威胁的状态”。在此基础上,分析了生态安全范畴的层级性及自然生态系统、区域、国家和全球尺度生态安全的主客体关系,从生态风险和生态系统脆弱性2方面研究了影响生态系统安全的内外部因素,归纳总结了生态安全的人本性、整体性与全球性、相对性、区域性与动态性、可控性等特征,并就未来生态安全评价研究提出了探索建立适合不同层级的生态安全评价标准与指标体系、深化景观生态学评价方法的机理性研究、强化复合生态安全系统的社会人文影响因素研究等建议,以期为生态安全研究提供理论参考。

Ecological security is an important foundation for sustainable development and important support for national security.It is also a hot scientific issue for ecosystem research in China.With regard to the fuzziness and controversiality on intension and extension of ecological security,this paper analyzed the connotation of ecological security on narrow and broad senses,and defined the ecological security as the state of human survival and development without the limitation of ecological product and service supply,free from ecological degradation detriment,and avoiding threats from ecological risks.On this basis,the hierarchy of the domain and the subject-object relationship of ecological security at levels of natural,regional,national and global ecosystems,as well as the internal and external affecting factors were discussed.The main features of ecological security were summarized as humanism,integrity,relativity,spatial and temporal heterogeneity as well as controll ability.Suggestions for future ecological study of establishing different evaluation criteria and indicator system,exploring the mechanisms of landscape ecology approaches and intensifying investigation on social and cultural influences of the complex ecological security system were proposed in the hope to provide theoretical reference for ecological security research.