游客对资源保护费的支付意愿研究——以呼伦贝尔草原为例

Tourists’Willingness to Pay Conservation Fees:The Case of Hulunbuir Grassland,China

随着人类社会的不断发展、人口的增长、资源消耗和环境污染日益加剧,旅游业赖以生存和发展的环境和资源受到越来越严重的破坏,严重影响着旅游业的可持续发展,对于资金缺乏的欠发达地区,这种影响更为明显。呼伦贝尔草甸草原生态功能区是中国第一批国家重点生态功能区,是中国北方重要的生态安全屏障。如何筹集更多的资金来加强呼伦贝尔草原生态环境保护,推动草原旅游业的可持续发展,是一个值得探究的议题。本研究使用条件价值法,通过面对面问卷调查的方式研究了在中国以草原为主要资源类型的旅游目的地向游客收取资源环境保护费的可行性,确定了保护费的合理金额,以及影响保护费金额的因素。本研究调查对象是即将完成呼伦贝尔旅游的游客,共收集有效问卷567份。研究结果表明:(1)游客愿意支付环境资源保护资金,以游客为主要资金来源筹集保护资金是可行的;(2)呼伦贝尔草原保护费设定为49元较为合理,大多数游客可以接受这个金额,不会对游客数量产生较大影响;(3)游客的社会经济特征、出行特征、游客参与的休闲活动类型均对保护费金额有显著影响。

With the continuous development of human society,population increase,resource consumption and environmental pollution are increasing day by day,and the environment and resources on which tourism depends for development are more and more seriously damaged,which seriously affects the sustainable development of tourism,especially in underdeveloped areas.Hulunbuir Grassland Ecological Function Zone is the national ecological function area in China;and it is also an important ecological security barrier in northern China.Methods of raising more funding to support the ecological conservation of the Hulunbuir grasslands,while also supporting the tourism sustainability,is an important problem.In this study,the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM)was used to explore the feasibility of collecting conservation fees from tourists in grassland tourism destinations in China,determine the reasonable amount of conservation fees and the factors influencing the amount of conservation fees by face-to-face questionnaire survey.The respondents of this study is tourists who had completed their travel and were about to leave Hulunbuir,and 567 valid questionnaires were collected.The results show that:(1)tourists have the potential to create environmental resources conservation funds,and it is feasible to raise conservation funds with tourists as the main source of payments;(2)the Hulunbuir grassland conservation fee should be set at 49 yuan,which is acceptable to most tourists and will not change the number of tourists;(3)Tourists’socio-economic characteristics,travel characteristics and types of leisure activities have significant influences on the amount of conservation fees.