不同所有制的智能制造企业创新效率及其决定——基于智能制造示范试点企业的研究

Innovation Efficiency and Decision of Intelligent Manufacturing Enterprises with Different Ownership:Research on the Intelligent Manufacturing Demonstration Pilot Enterprises

传统的DEA模型忽视了外部环境变量和随机干扰项的影响,这可能会导致效率估算值出现偏差。为此,采用三阶段DEA模型,从非管理性因素影响的视角更准确地反映了智能制造企业的创新效率,并通过Tobit模型分析了其内部影响因素,为相关政策的制定提供更准确的依据。结果发现:在剔除环境变量和随机干扰项后,我国智能制造企业创新效率下降了28.44%。从不同所有制结构来看,在智能制造领域,国有企业的创新效率高于私营企业。智能制造企业创新效率主要由规模效率决定,但并非简单依赖于规模经济模式,而是主要通过管理与技术要素来驱动发展。在创新效率的影响因素中,企业年龄、企业规模、企业盈利能力和政府补贴对智能制造企业创新效率具有积极影响,而企业研发投入对智能制造企业创新效率具有显著的负向作用。

With the accelerated integration of global digital technology and manufacturing technology,intelligent manufacturing has become an inevitable way for the high-end development of manufacturing industry.Because of the different ownership structure of enterprises,the manufacturing industry shows significant systematic differences in the process of promoting intelligence according to the theory of resource dependence.As an important measure to implement the strategy of building a strong manufacturing country,the improvement of intelligent manufacturing's innovation ability is not only restricted by the bottleneck of insufficient resource investment,but also constrained by the rigid resource allocation mechanism.Therefore,this article focuses on the innovation efficiency and influencing factors of intelligent manufacturing enterprises with different ownership in China,with the aim of providing countermeasures and ideas for better promoting the industrial technological transformation and optimization and upgrading of intelligent manufacturing enterprises in China.In the traditional DEA model,the influence of external environmental variables and random interference terms is ignored,which may lead to the deviation of efficiency estimation.The article takes the enterprises of intelligent manufacturing demonstration pilot project announced by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China from 2015 to 2018 as the research object.By adopting the three-stage DEA model,the difference of innovation efficiency between state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in China's intelligent manufacturing is more accurately reflected from the perspective of non-management factors.On this basis,the internal influencing factors are analyzed by Tobit model,which provides a more accurate basis for the formulation of relevant policies.It is found that the innovation efficiency of intelligent manufacturing enterprises in China drops by 28.44%after eliminating environmental variables and random interference.From the perspective of different ownership structures,in the field of intelligent manufacturing,the innovation efficiency of state-owned enterprises is 31.56%higher than that of private enterprises.The innovation efficiency of intelligent manufacturing enterprises is mainly determined by scale efficiency,but it is not simply dependent on scale economy mode,but mainly driven by management and technical elements.Among the influencing factors of innovation efficiency,enterprise age,enterprise scale,enterprise profitability and government subsidy have positive effects on innovation efficiency of intelligent manufacturing enterprises,while enterprise R&D investment has significant negative effects on it.pIiseT In order to further improve the innovation efficiency of China's intelligent manufacturing enterprises,firstly,the supervision and management of the input elements of innovative resources in enterprises should be strengthened,and improve the utilization efficiency to promote the efficiency of independent innovation of enterprises.Besides,the dynamics of the internal incentive mechanism should be further improved,highlighting the cultivation and guidance of scientific research talents.Secondly,it is necessary to maintain a reasonable enterprise scale.Intelligent manufacturing enterprises realize the effective integration of innovation resources by relying on scientific and technological innovation platform,forming scale effect,and further optimize their organizational structure,so as to prevent the phenomenon that the scale of enterprises is too large to inhibit the efficiency of independent innovation.Finally,the government should strengthen the support and guidance for the innovation activities of intelligent manufacturing enterprises.It is useful to increase government funds to support related enterprises in the field of intelligent manufacturing,and at the same time,it provides accurate policy guarantee for the upgrading and development of intelligent manufacturing enterprises in order to create a benign market competition environment and innovation atmosphere.