工程教育支撑科技自立自强的理论逻辑与实现路径

Theoretical Logic and Realization Path of Engineering Education Supporting Self-reliance and Self-improvement in Science and Technology

十八大以来党中央将创新摆在现代化建设全局中的核心地位,把人才作为推动创新的第一资源,党的二十大报告强调“教育、科技、人才是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的基础性、战略性支撑”“我们要坚持教育优先发展、科技自立自强、人才引领驱动”(1)。工程教育是涉及工程科技与工程人才的教育体系,同科技与产业发展联系十分紧密,是实现高水平科技自立自强的基础性、战略性支撑。全球工程教育发展历经技术范式、科学范式、工程范式3个阶段,并逐步进入创新范式这一新发展阶段,愈发强调对科技自立自强的支撑作用。基于技术创新视角下工程教育范式演化规律分析,构建了工程教育支撑科技自立自强的制度逻辑,包括范式驱动的系统动力机制、产学研深度融合的能力供给机制、科教协同的人才培养机制等3个方面。同时,从产业与学科互促发展的知识体系优化、学科与产业协同发展的培养体系优化等两个方面,分析提出工程教育支撑科技自立自强的实现路径。

Since the 18th National Congress,the CPC Central Committee has placed innovation at the core of the overall modernization drive and regarded talent as the first resource to promote innovation.For the first time,the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China integrates education,science and technology,and talents,and puts forward new urgent requirements for the implementation of the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education,the strategy of strengthening the country through talents,and the strategy of innovation-driven development.Under the strategic goal of accelerating the construction of a powerful country in science and technology and achieving high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in scientific and technological,new requirements and challenges have been put forward for the training of engineering science and technology talents in China.Engineering education must actively adapt to the needs of scientific and technological development and industrial innovation.Cultivate scientific and technological talents who can solve "0-1"Leading Frontier Technology,"1-N"Key Core Technology,"N-100"Applied Creative Technology and other complex engineering problems,accelerate the coordinated and integrated development of disciplines,specialties and industries,and continuously optimize the training structure,quality and environment of engineering scientific and technological talents.The"initiative"of talents helps the"leadership"of scientific and technological development.With the progress of science and technology and the development of industry in the world,the paradigm of engineering education has gone through three stages:technological paradigm,scientific paradigm and engineering paradigm,and has gradually entered the evolution of innovation paradigm.This paper studies and constructs the system logic of engineering education supporting science and technology self-reliance and self-improvement from three aspects of system dynamic mechanism,capacity supply mechanism and personnel training mechanism.One is the dynamic mechanism driven by paradigm.Engineering education paradigm is constantly transforming and advancing,which not only makes its internal value subsystem,basic system,structural subsystem,social and psychological subsystem,management subsystem and other five functional subsystems gradually optimized,but also has an impact on external environmental factors,in turn,the changes and development of internal functional subsystems and external environment also affect the higher engineering education system.Innovative measures to meet the needs of colleges and universities to improve the quality of engineering personnel training.The two is the ability supply mechanism of the deep integration of industry,University and research.Through the deep integration of production,teaching and research,we can improve the knowledge ability,practical training ability and resource ability,promote the"wall-breaking"of engineering education and industrial development environment,realize the engineering education from closed to open,promote the quality of engineering personnel training,strengthen the construction of engineering personnel training platform for interdisciplinary and emerging disciplines,and effectively gather social forces to improve the level of engineering education.Third,the talent training mechanism of science and education coordination.Discipline is the basic organizational foundation of universities,and discipline construction is the basic construction of personnel training,scientific research and social service.Specialty is the platform or carrier for colleges and universities to train talents,the purpose of which is to train talents to meet the needs of social and industrial development.Through the coordinated development of discipline construction and specialty construction,colleges and universities can promote the high-quality imparting of knowledge and form a talent training system centered on ability improvement.This paper analyzes and puts forward two concrete realization paths,namely,the knowledge system optimization of the mutually promoting development of industry and discipline,and the training system optimization of the coordinated development of discipline and industry.The first is the knowledge system optimization path of the mutual promotion of industry and discipline.Including the first-class discipline construction path of the combination of production,teaching and research represented by the optoelectronic engineering discipline of Zhejiang University,the interdisciplinary discipline construction path facing the industry frontier represented by the electrical engineering discipline of Tsinghua University,and the new discipline construction path facing the national strategy represented by"integrated circuit science and engineering".The second is the optimization path of the training system for the coordinated development of disciplines and industries.Including the path of target design to promote the coordination of science and education represented by the training of engineering doctorates in the UK,the path of mechanism innovation to promote the coordination of science and education represented by the dual-track vocational education in Germany,and the path of model reform represented by MIT's"transformation of new engineering education".From the theoretical point of view,this paper puts forward the system logic and realization path of engineering education supporting self-reliance and self-improvement in scientific and technological,which provides useful enlightenment for strengthening and improving engineering education and supporting high-level self-reliance and self-improvement in scientific and technological.