生态系统视角下群智设计的协同机制研究——兼论设计的“人本”属性

The Synergy Mechanism of the Collaborative Intelligence from the Perspective of Ecosystem:On the Humanistic Attribute of the Design

群智(collaborative intelligence,CI)设计是数字时代涌现出的设计新形态。采用多案例研究法,以6个群智设计项目为样本,从生态系统视角探索群智设计活动的协同机制。研究发现:“设计生态系统”的存在是开展群智设计的基本条件;群智设计的过程包括设计创意互启、共划设计目的、同担设计任务、共创设计内容、设计价值共识五类活动,呈现出“链环—回路”全过程协同的特点;“人本逻辑”促进了设计中技术与艺术的平衡和协调,实现了多主体、多要素在群智设计中的协同。群智设计活动的基本条件、过程特点、协同方式,从生态系统视角综合阐明了群智设计的协同机制。群智设计提升了设计的原创性和开放性,突显了设计在数字时代背景下的“人本”属性。

Collaborative intelligence design is an emerging form of design in the digital era.Collaborative intelligence design system shows the following ecological characteristics:First,the participants present interdependent and closely related relationships,which are similar to the interdependence of biological communities in the ecosystem;Second,the participants interact and influence each other through resource exchange and information exchange,reflecting the dynamic balance characteristics of the ecosystem in the energy flow and material circulation;Third,the multiple participants accomplish the evolution of the main functions and the overall improvement of the systematic efficiency in the influences of the environment,which is similar to the evolution process of the ecosystem,Therefore,the purpose of this study is to further deepen the understanding of the synergy mechanism of collaborative intelligence design from the perspective of ecosystem.The specific research questions are decomposed as follows:(1)What are the basic conditions for the occurrence and formation of collaborative intelligence design;(2)How is the process of collaborative intelligence design from the ecological perspective;(3)What is the synergy pattern of collaborative intelligence design.About research methods,this study explores the synergy mechanism of collaborative intelligence design by applying the multi-case study,taking six collaborative intelligence design projects as samples.The research steps are as follows:(1)The data processing of multi-case samples is carried out through the grounded analysis to extract the factors,core categories and story lines related to the research questions;(2)Examine the performance of each case sample on various factors,and form a comparative analysis matrix of multiple case samples;Carry out cross-case analysis and analyze the relationships between factors from multiple perspectives in comparative logic;(3)Verify,revise and develop the constructs established by the grounded analysis to form a more explanatory theory for complex variables.The research results are as following.The data analysis based on the grounded theory shows the consistent core categories and story lines of the six case samples,forming a mutually confirmatory relationship,and the theoretical construction has been mutually verified.Cross-case comparative analysis result shows that the collaborative intelligence design processes of the six cases cover all stages of the design activities,reflecting the characteristics of whole-process collaboration;The more complete the design ecosystem,the higher degree of the multi-source heterogeneity of participants,the stronger degree of people-oriented design,the higher degree of coordination between technology and art,the opener and more shared the design results are,the higher value the design creates.Cross-case comparative analysis verifies the results of the theoretical construction from the grounded analysis.The research findings include:the existence of design ecosystem is the prerequisite for developing collaborative intelligence design.The process of collaborative intelligence design includes five sorts of activities,including the mutual inspiration of design ideas,joint planning of design objectives,sharing of design tasks,co-creation of design contents,and consensus of design values,showing the characteristics of Chain-Linked in the process.Humanistic logic promotes the balance and coordination between the technology and the art in design,and is an important collaborative pattern of the collaborative intelligence design.The prerequisite,process characteristics and collaborative pattern comprehensively reveals the synergy mechanism of the collaborative intlligence design from the perspective of ecosystem.This study brings forward the following suggestions for the development of the collaborative intelligence design:(1)use the digital technology to promote the original design collaboratively;(2)build up and optimize the design ecosystem;(3)attach importance to intellectual property protection in the collaborative intelligence design.