知识“循环”了吗?——基于区域低碳技术创新的知识依赖模式研究

Is Knowledge Circulated?:Research Based on Knowledge Dependence Mode of Regional Low-carbon Technology Innovation

低碳技术清洁化转型的难度和方式与技术活动对不同知识源的依赖模式密切相关,但系统性的依赖模式研究较少。以2006—2019年中国30个省份的空间面板数据为样本,采用空间杜宾模型(spatial Durbin model,SDM)实证检验区域低碳技术创新对本地知识存量、省际知识溢出与国际知识溢出等知识源的依赖模式,并区分清洁与灰色两类低碳技术创新以探究知识依赖模式的可能差异。研究发现:(1)清洁与灰色技术创新的时空特征与路径依赖模式相似,两类创新都具有明显集聚性,以东部沿海地区为核心向外辐射,呈现“东部高,西部低”的特点,且各类知识源对两类创新的作用方向一致。(2)两类技术创新对本地知识存量和国际知识溢出都存在显著的路径依赖,并对前者更为依赖。然而,两类创新又都受到省际知识溢出的显著抑制,使省际知识不能成为创新动能。(3)本地知识存量与国际知识溢出对两类创新的作用具有替代性,表明与两类知识相关的经济活动是竞争资源的排斥关系。可见,围绕低碳技术创新活动,国内外知识与省际间知识之间都存在令人担忧的互为排斥现象,表明低碳技术知识的国内“循环”和国际“循环”都未形成。对此,需要中央到地方的共同努力,中央层面应加强促进低碳技术创新要素流动的国际协调,并承担改革国内束缚要素流动制度与建设跨区域治理机制的主体责任;东部沿海地区应积极融入国际知识循环,引领我国技术清洁化转型;中西部地区应主动破除创新要素流动壁垒,并尝试“以市场换技术”的策略提升低碳技术水平。

Under the increasingly tight constraints of the natural environment,promoting low-carbon technology innovation and promoting the clean transformation of low-carbon technology through unimpeded knowledge exchange and circulation is not only the key to the sustainable development of economy and environment,but also the fundamental requirement of the major strategic deployment of the national"14th five year plan"on"unblocking the domestic cycle and promoting the domestic and international dual cycle".Clean technology innovation generated by carbon free emissions and gray technology innovation aimed at improving the combustion efficiency of fossil energy have a positive impact on curbing environmental change.The deep low-carbon transformation requires that technological innovation activities be transferred from gray technology developed in the early stage due to factors such as energy structure and resource allocation to clean technology generated by carbon free emissions.The difficulty and mode of clean transformation of low-carbon technology are closely related to the dependence mode of technological activities and different knowledge sources.Previous studies have involved important aspects of the path dependence mode of regional low-carbon technology innovation,that is,whether it depends on local knowledge stock,domestic spillover or international spillover.However,there is no unified conclusion on the interaction between the three types of knowledge sources and whether there are differences in the dependence modes of different types of low-carbon innovation,which needs further research and analysis.Based on this,the research uses spatial panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2019,and use SDM to test the dependence mode of regional low-carbon technology innovation on knowledge sources including local knowledge stock,inter provincial knowledge spillover and international knowledge spillover,and distinguish clean and gray low-carbon technology innovation to explore the possible differences of knowledge dependence mode.The results show that:Firstly,the temporal and spatial characteristics and path dependence mode of clean and grey technological innovation are similar.Both kind of innovation have obvious agglomeration characteristics,and radiate outward from the coastal areas of Southeast China,showing the characteristics of high in the East,but low in the West.While the influence direction of various knowledge sources on the two types of innovation is the same.Secondly,both kinds of innovation have path dependence on local knowledge stock and international knowledge spillover,and they are more dependent on the former.However,both them are significantly restrained by the knowledge spillover from other provinces,which makes the inter-provincial knowledge not the driving force of innovation.Thirdly,local knowledge stock and international knowledge spillover have the substitution effect on the two kinds of innovation,which indicates that the economic activities related to the two kinds of knowledge are not coordinated.It seems that that around the goal of low-carbon technology innovation,there is a worrying phenomenon of resource competition and mutual exclusion between domestic and foreign knowledge and inter provincial knowledge,indicating that the domestic cycle and international cycle of low-carbon technical knowledge have not been formed.In this regard,the joint efforts of the central and local governments are needed.The central level should strengthen the international coordination of promoting the flow of low-carbon innovative factors,and bear the responsibility of reforming the domestic system restricting factor flow and building a cross regional governance mechanism.At the same time,the eastern coastal areas should actively integrate into the international knowledge cycle and lead China's clean technology transformation.While the central and western regions should take the initiative to break down the barriers to the flow of innovation factors,and try the strategy of"market for technology"to improve the technical level.