基于虚拟样机的驮背运输车动力学特性研究

Research on dynamic characteristics of piggyback traffic vehicles based on virtual prototype

驮背运输是一种“门到门”运输的公铁联运方式,近些年得到国家的高度重视。文中以STX3型驮背运输车为研究对象,基于虚拟样机技术,分别利用Simpack建立刚柔耦合模型和驮背运输车随机振动分析软件(the Professional Software for the Random Vibration Analysis of Piggyback Traffic Vehicles,PRAP)建立车辆的精细有限元动力学模型,以轨道不平顺谱作为输入激励,进行仿真计算得到车辆的振动特性,并与试验结果进行对比分析研究。研究结果表明:仿真计算及试验得到的驮背车最大振动加速度和平稳性指标均满足标准要求;驮背运输车随机振动分析软件计算得到的振动加速度及平稳性指标比刚柔耦合模型更为接近试验测量数据;转向架摇枕、侧架结构自身对激扰也具有衰减作用,摇枕能衰减来自枕簧的约10%的横向激扰和约14%的垂向激扰,侧架能衰减来自轴箱的约12%的横向激扰和约11%的垂向激扰。

Piggyback traffic is a“door-to-door”means of road-rail inter-modal transportation,which is highly valued by the state in recent years.In this article,with the focus on the STX3 piggyback traffic vehicle,with the help of the virtual prototyping technology,Simpack is used to set up the rigid-flexible coupling model;the professional software for the random vibration analysis of piggyback traffic vehicles(PRAP)is used to set up the fine finite-element dynamic model.The track irregularity spectrum is used as the input excitation.The vehicle’s vibration characteristics are worked out by means of simulation and calculation,and then they are compared with the test results.It is shown that the piggyback vehicle’s maximum vibration acceleration and stability index obtained by means of simulation and calculation as well as a series of test meet the related requirements.The vibration acceleration and stability index calculated by the professional software for random vibration analysis of piggyback traffic vehicles(PRAP)are closer than the counterparts obtained from the rigid-flexible coupling model.Also,the bogie bolster and the side frame structure have a damping effect on the excitation.The bolster can weaken about 10%of the horizontal disturbance and 14%of the vertical disturbance from the bolster spring;the side frame can weaken about 12%of the lateral excitation and 11%of the vertical excitation from the axle box.