北魏开国史中大单于号之疑点——从“猗㐌金”和“晋鲜卑归义侯”金印说起

The Doubts of Great Shanyu in the History of Founding of Northern Wei Dynasty:Starting from“Gold Ornament of Yiyi”and“Jin Hsien-pei Gui-yi Hou”Golden Seal

前辈学者多据凉城县出土“猗㐌金”及“晋鲜卑归义侯”金印,论证《魏书》所载猗㐌为大单于不虚,进而肯定其有关早期历史记述的可信度。但此说较难成立,在《魏书》表述中,金印紫绶皆是针对大单于这一主体而非归义侯,因此不能以归义侯金印论证大单于为真。此后猗卢为大单于的史料多有抵牾,翳槐以段辽为大单于之事则不符合拓跋鲜卑当时的真实实力,因此二事当皆出于太武帝时附会。其目的是提高道武帝前诸帝在代北乃至更大范围内的地位,建立起北魏自身完整的开国史脉络。

Predecessors more according to the unearthed Liangcheng county“gold ornament of Yiyi”and“Jin Hsien-pei Gui-yi Hou”golden seal,demonstration of Weishu(魏书)contained Yiyi Great Shanyu title,and certainly the credibility about the early history.But this is harder to prove.In the expression of the Weishu,the“golden seal with the purple ribbon”(金印紫绶)is directed at Great Shanyu rather than Gui-yi Hou,so it cannot be argued that Great Shanyu was true based on“Gui-yi Hou”golden seal.Later on,the historical records on the appointment of Yilu as Great Shanyu were contradictory.The record that Yihuai took Duan Liao as Great Shanyu was not in line with the real power of Tuoba Hsien-pei at that time.Therefore,both events were faked by Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei.Its purpose was to improve the status of the Northern Wei emperors in Daibei and even larger space scope.Thus established the Northern Wei's own complete history of founding.