为何西方城市设计无法完整展示中国城市美学——山水诗画视角下的三个问题分析

WHY CAN'T WESTERN URBAN DESIGN FULLY DISPLAY CHINESE URBAN AESTHETICS:ANALYSIS OF THREE PROBL EMS FROM THE CHINESE SHANSHUI POETRY AND PAINTING PERSPECTIVE

从规划设计实践经验来看,发端于欧美的西方城市设计方法在我国城市规划设计实践中得以传承和发展,但在塑造城市风貌特色的过程中,却无法完整地展示中国城市美学的特征。在中国城市营造的传统方法中,士人的山水诗画文化和审美传统对中国城市美学的塑造意义重大,而以视觉感知为主要手段的西方城市设计方法缺少对中国城市美学复杂维度需求的回应,具体包括难以对诗画意境的风貌特色、心游写意的总体结构和五感复合的空间景观3个方面进行表达。通过比较,总结西方城市设计无法完整展示中国城市美学的症结,最后提出对中国式城市设计路径探索的展望。

From the practical experience of planning and design,the Western urban design methods originated in Europe and America have been in herited and developed in urban planning and design in China,but they cannot fully display Chinese urban aesthetics in the process of shaping urban characteristics.Through an analysis,it can be found that in the Chinese city making tradition,shanshui poetry and painting culture of scholar bureaucrats is of great significance to the shaping of Chinese urban aesthetics.However,the Western urban design method with visual perception as the main means lacks the response to the abovementioned complicated Chinese urban aesthetic dimensions,including three aspects:the refining of the characteristics of poetry and painting conception,the structure of spiritual wandering,and the space element integration of five senses.Through comparison,this paper summarizes the crux of the problem that Western urban design cannot fully display Chinese urban aesthetics,and explores the path of Chinese urban design.