域外文学“体验”对中国左翼乡土小说的影响

The Influence of Foreign Literary“Experience”on Chinese Left-Wing Native Novels

域外文学对于中国左翼乡土小说家而言并非单纯的阅读经历,而是一种全新的阅读“体验”;透过日积月累的域外文学“体验”,逐渐形成“俄苏体验”“美国体验”和“日本体验”三大谱系,其中又以“俄苏体验”最为显著。俄苏文学激活了中国左翼乡土小说家的革命想象,不仅茅盾、蒋光慈、王统照、丁玲等既成作家深受俄苏文学的影响,而且萧红、萧军、端木蕻良、叶紫、艾芜等新进作家也明显受到俄苏文学的熏染,从而充分显露出“俄苏体验”所引发的创作效应。在为数众多的美国左翼文学家中,单纯从对中国左翼乡土小说创作所形成的影响力而言,无人能出辛克莱之右,茅盾、萧红等左翼作家都受到辛克莱的影响,在他们创作的左翼乡土小说中留下了印迹。在中国左翼乡土小说的发生和发展过程中,留日学生也发挥了举足轻重的作用,相较于留学其他国家者而言成为左翼作家的数量最多,由此也使得“日本体验”成为不可小觑的影响因素。中国左翼乡土小说家在域外文学“体验”的基础上获得启示以完成中国左翼乡土小说的创建,由此也使得中国左翼乡土小说与世界文学尤其是左翼文学之间形成紧密联系,从而成为国际左翼文学的有机组成部分。

Foreign literature is not a simple reading experience for Chinese left-wing native novelists,but a new reading"experience".Through the continuous accumulation of foreign literature reading"experience",gradually formed"Russia and Soviet experience","American experience"and"Japanese experience"three pedigrees,among which"Russia and Soviet experience"is the most significant.Russian and Soviet literature stimulated the revolutionary imagination of Chinese left-wing native novelists.Not only famous writers such as MAO Dun,JIANG Guang-ci,WANG Tong-zhao and DING Ling were deeply influenced by Russian and Soviet literature,but so were XIAO Hong,XIAO Jun,DUANMU Hong-liang,YE Zi,AI Wu and other emerging,it fully reflected the creative effect produced by the"Russian and Soviet experience".Among the numerous American left-wing writers,no one is more influential than Sinclair in the creation of Chinese left-wing native novels.MAO Dun,XIAO Hong and other left-wing writers were influenced by Sinclair and left their imprints in their left-wing native novels.The students studying in Japan also played an important role in the emergence and development of Chinese left-wing native novels.Left-wing writers outnumber students from other countries,making the"Japanese experience"a factor to be reckoned with.On the basis of the experience of foreign literature,the Chinese left-wing native novelists gain enlightenment to complete the establishment of the Chinese left-wing native novels,therefore,the Chinese left-wing native novels are closely related to the world literature,especially the left-wing literature,and thus become an organic part of the international left-wing literature.