“诗性正义”理论观照下的网络文学和公共生活

Network Literature and Public Life:Towards Poetic Justice?

网络文学在其独特的生产、传播和接受机制中以开放取代封闭、以大众取代精英,表现出极强的开放性与交互性,一方面不断重塑当代文学话语既有的“文学性”,形成文学发展的一种新格局;另一方面自主性的失落、娱乐至上论、价值数字化等往往使其陷入“文学性”和“公共性”双重失落、错位、悖论。“诗性正义”理论通过强调文学想象和情感认知、提倡批判性文学对话、开启文学—伦理学探索以介入公共生活,重新激活文学的公共性,无疑有益于助推网络文学成为一种文学公共话语实践:网络文学特有的交互式接受机制和阅读体验为实现“诗性正义”提供了一种可能的载体和通路;“诗性正义”赋予网络文学超越虚拟空间的现实意义和伦理价值,使文学读者在与文本、作者与其他读者的平等交流中进行道德反思,并以此为逻辑起点参与公共生活。总之,作为经验现象的网络文学与“诗性正义”理论互为表里、互相作用:网络文学交互式阅读体验为“诗性正义”公共话语实践带来经验参照;“诗性正义”也对网络文学发挥其潜在的公共性具有重要的启示意义和规范作用。

In its unique mechanism of production,transmission and reception,online literature features openness and interactivity,replacing closeness with openness and elites with the masses.Online literature reshapes the given literariness as is manifested in contemporary literary discourses.However,the loss of autonomy,the supremacy of entertainment and the digitization of values often lead to the dual loss of"literariness"and""publicness"in dislocation and paradox.With an emphasis on the role of literary imagination and cognitive emotion in public life and critical literary dialogue,Martha Nussbaum's theoretical formulation of"poetic justice"resumes literary-ethical exploration and reactivates the publicness of literature.Arguably,it is relevant to the promotion of online literature as a literary public discourse in practice.The unique interactive reception of online literature provides a possible means and carrier for"poetic justice".Meanwhile,the practical and ethical values explored by"poetic justice"enable online literature to transcend its virtual cyberspace.Such transcendence makes possible the moral reflection of literary readers in equal communication with texts,authors and other readers,effectively facilitating their participation in real public life.In short.the empirical phenomenon of online literature and the theory of"poetic justice"are interrelated and reciprocal.While the interactive reading experience of online literature puts into practice the public discourse proposed in"poetic justice",'poetic justice"functions as a heuristic and normative guideline in unleashing the potential publicness of online literature.