大变局中的民族复兴与新文科教育演变——以早期七十年历史经验为例

National Rejuvenation and New Liberal Education in the Era of Great Change

大变局中为寻求民族复兴而生的新文科教育正式兴起于1861年。之后到1931年的七十年发展,曾因进路不同有过显著演变。最初致力于增强国家军事经济实力,维新变法以来转向以国体重建为本,民初起又改为追求高深学问及传播新思想。事后,梁启超、胡适等开拓先锋曾有过进路反思乃至歧途检讨,但都没能像共产党人那样将新文科教育引上通往民族复兴的正确之路。早期七十年历史经验可以为当代教育理论界思考如何优化新时期新文科教育提供重要启示。

New liberal education,caused by seeking national rejuvenation in the era of Great Change,was officially born in 1861.The later 70 years witnessed significant transformation of the growth path of the new liberal education,from the originally dedicating to enhance the national military and economic strength,to put the state political system reconstruction on the top of the agenda,and finally to purse advanced scholarship and new thoughts propagation.After the events,Liang Qichao and Hu Shi both had serious reflection on the past.Although they found that the new liberal education had been growing in the wrong path,but they couldn't lead it to the right way the national rejuvenation needs,like what had done by the Communist Party.