互动语言中的韵律表达研究综述

Studies of Prosodic Expressions in Interactive Language:A Review

本文从韵律表达中的区别性和突显性两种变化特征出发,梳理了国内外互动语言韵律研究的成果,提出韵律表达是在韵律特征稳定性基础上呈现的变化特征中实现的,表现在语言表达的不同韵律层级上。韵律调节,可以构建和转接话轮、实施社会行为、表达不同立场,具体体现在语调曲拱、重音突显、停延设置、着力轻重等手段上;音质的变化和气息的状态也可以作为解释说话人行为方式的依据。以英语为代表的语调分析方法并不完全适合有声调的汉语。本文力图为汉语口语互动中的韵律分析归纳出一些基本的方法,搭建一个基础性解读框架,并为汉语韵律研究拓宽视野。

As a means of language expression,prosody is one of the important resources for the implementation of interaction,which has attracted more and more attention.Starting from the two characteristics of distinctiveness and prominence in the expression of prosody,this article summarizes the changes of prosodic elements found in natural dialogues in the field of interactive linguistics,both domestic and overseas.The article proposes that prosodic expression is realized in the changing characteristics presented on the basis of the stability of the prosodic characteristics,which are manifested on different prosodic levels of language expression.Through the adjustment of suprasegmental characteristics,such as pitch,duration,and tone intensity,the construction and transfer of turn,the implementation of social behavior and the expression of dfferent positions are embodied by means of intonation,accent,pause,and strength.In the specific sequence of natural conversation,the change of voice quality and the state of breath can also be used as the basis for explaining the speaker's behavior.It is important to note that due to the tonal characteristics of Chinese,the intonation analysis method represented in English is not completely suitable for Chinese.This article tries to sum up some basic methods for prosodic analysis in Chinese oral interaction and build a basic interpretation framework.At the same time,it is believed that the rich forms of prosodic varieties in natural conversation can be used to re-understand the concepts of intonation unit,intonation characteristics,pitch onset and declination,stress level,text cohesion,etc.,broaden the horizons of prosodic research,and improve the existing Chinese prosodic theories.