聚乙烯生物降解的进展

Progress in the Exploration of the Biodegradation of Polyethylene Plastics

近年来,聚乙烯塑料污染已经成为一个世界性的环境问题。由于其回收难度高、降解性较差,利用微生物对聚乙烯进行生物降解已经成为主要的降解方法之一。由于聚乙烯可以作为微生物群落生存的唯一碳源,微生物可以在聚乙烯表面形成生物膜或者一个被称作塑料球的区域,两者相互作用产生酸或酶降解聚乙烯。微生物对聚乙烯的降解程度受到聚合物的微观结构、表面特性、相对分子质量及相对分子质量分布等因素的影响。目前,在已有研究的基础上,总结了聚乙烯生物降解的研究进展,概述了聚乙烯生物降解机理及影响因素,最后,综述了生物降解聚乙烯的主要表征方法。

Over the past few decades,polyethylene plastic pollution has become a worldwide pollution problem.Because of its high recycling difficulty and poor degradability,the use of microorganisms to biodegrade polyethylene has become the main degradation method among several degradation methods.Polyethylene can serve as the only carbon source for the survival of microbial communities.Microorganisms can form a biofilm or an area called a plastic sphere on the surface of polyethylene,and they interact to produce acids or enzymes that degrade the polyethylene.The degradation of polyethylene by microorganisms depends on the microstructure,surface properties,molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the polymer.On the basis of previous studies,the research progress of polyethylene biodegradation is summarized,the mechanism and influencing factors of polyethylene biodegradation are summarized,and finally the main characterization methods of biodegradable polyethylene are summarized.