MSTN对肥胖、糖尿病发生发展的影响和机制以及运动对MSTN的调控

The Roles and Mechanisms of MSTN in the Developments of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus and the Regulation of Exercise on MSTN

肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)除负性调控骨骼肌质量外,还在肥胖、糖尿病的发生发展中起重要作用。肥胖和糖尿病患者的血清MSTN含量、骨骼肌MSTN水平显著增加,而降低MSTN表达水平或者抑制其活性可减少脂肪在体内的累积,延缓肥胖和糖尿病的发生发展。降低MSTN表达水平或活性延缓肥胖和糖尿病发生发展,除通过增加骨骼肌质量实现外,还可通过增加葡萄糖摄取,促进脂肪细胞发育、代谢和白色脂肪棕色化,提高瘦素敏感性,减轻炎症反应,以及提高线粒体功能等途径实现。运动也可显著降低肥胖和糖尿病患者的MSTN水平,这可能是运动减脂、改善胰岛素敏感性、预防糖尿病发生发展的重要机制之一。该文就MSTN对肥胖、糖尿病发生发展的影响和机制以及运动对其调控作一综述,这不仅为肥胖、糖尿病的预防和治疗提供了新靶点,也为运动改善肥胖和糖尿病发生发展的机制提供了新视角。

In addition to negatively regulate skeletal muscle mass,MSTN(myostatin)also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of obesity and diabetes.In obese and diabetic patients,serum MSTN content and the expression level of MSTN in skeletal muscle are significantly increased,and reducing MSTN expression or inhibiting its activity reduces fat accumulation in body and delay the occurrence and development of obesity and diabetes.The inhibition of MSTN expression or activity delays the development of obesity and diabetes,which is achieved not only by increasing skeletal muscle mass,but also by increasing glucose uptake,promoting adipocyte development,metabolism and browning of white adipose tissue,improving leptin sensitivity,reducing inflammatory response,and improving mitochondrial function and so on.Exercise can also reduce the level of MSTN in obese and diabetic patients,which may be one of the mechanisms about exercise reducing fat,improving insulin sensitivity,reducing blood glucose and lipid,and thus preventing the occurrence and development of obese and diabetes.This review focuses on the effects and mechanisms of MSTN in obesity and diabetes,as well as its regulation by exercise,which provides a new target for prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes,and a new perspective about the mechanisms of the improvement of obesity and diabetes by exercise.