天然产物多糖在骨质疏松中的应用及其分子机制研究进展

Application and Molecular Mechanism of Polysaccharide from Natural Product in Osteoporosis

骨质疏松症是一种全身性骨代谢疾病,其特征是骨量的降低和骨组织微结构的破坏,最终导致骨脆性和骨折风险增加。骨质疏松严重影响着人类的生命周期和生活质量,并对社会造成巨大的经济负担。目前市场上的抗骨质疏松药物主要是化学合成药物,可以较有效地改善患者骨质疏松的症状,但长期服用会产生不良的副作用。研究发现,某些多糖能够促进成骨细胞形成、抑制破骨细胞活性,进而影响骨骼重塑过程,且因其副作用较少,更适合长期使用而受到大众青睐。该文通过对大量文献信息的整合,介绍了近年来研究较多的与改善骨骼健康状况有关的多糖。实验表明,多糖主要通过调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞的活性保护骨骼健康,多条信号通路如Wnt/β-catenin信号通路、BMP/Smad信号通路和OPG/RANKL/RANK信号通路等参与调节过程。该综述对多糖抗骨质疏松的作用及其分子机制最新研究成果进行归纳和总结,旨在为进一步推进更加安全有效的抗骨质疏松症新药物的开发提供理论依据和研究方向。

Osteoporosis is a disease of bone characterized by a reduction in bone mass and disruption of bone tissue microarchitecture,ultimately leading to bone fragility and increased fracture risk.Osteoporosis seriously affects the life cycle and quality of life of human beings,and causes a huge economic burden to the society.Current drugs for anti-osteoporosis are mainly synthetic drugs,which are indeed effective in preventing bone loss but with adverse side effects.It has been reported that certain polysaccharides can promote the formation of osteoblasts and inhibit the activity of osteoclasts,thereby affecting the process of bone remodeling.Since polysaccharides from natural products show fewer side effects and are more suitable for long-term use,they are favored by the public.We performed a comprehensive review of the literature to consolidate studies about polysaccharides improving bone health in recent years.In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that polysaccharides mainly protect bone health by regulating the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.Moreover,multiple signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,BMP/Smad signaling pathway and OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway,are involved in improving bone homeostasis.This review summarizes the latest research about the anti-osteoporosis effect and molecular mechanism of polysaccharides,aiming to provide theoretical basis and direction for searching safer and more effective anti-osteoporosis drugs.