FTA深度与国家出口产品质量:条款异质性视角

FTA Depth and National Export Product Quality:A Perspective of Clause Heterogeneity

当前,FTA成为新一轮全球经贸规则的重要载体,FTA主要从“边境间条款”和“边境后条款”两个层面对现有规则进行深化和拓展。文章基于CEPII-BACI数据库的HS 6位编码产品贸易数据,测算了1995~2018年全球221个经济体的出口产品质量,并在对同期全球已生效FTA深度进行量化的基础上,实证检验了FTA边境间条款和边境后条款深度对参与国出口产品质量的影响。结果发现,FTA的深度提高会显著提升协定参与国的出口产品质量,与边境间条款相比,边境后条款对出口产品质量提升的作用更大且具有长期的累积效应,该结论在替换代理变量、采用PPML方法、加入前置变量和使用工具变量等一系列检验后仍然稳健。同时,在基于异质性条款对国家出口产品质量影响的中介机制检验中发现,边境间条款通过影响进口中间品质量的渠道提升国家出口产品质量;而边境后条款通过改善协定参与国的国家创新水平进而提升其出口产品质量。文章的研究为FTA深度对国家出口产品质量的影响提供了新的分析视角。

At present,FTA has become an important carrier of the new round of global economic and trade rules.FTA deepens and expands the existing rules from the two aspects of"border measures"and"behind-the-border measures".Based on the HS6 product trade data of CEPI-BACI database,this paper calculates the export product quality of 221 economies in the world from 1995 to 2018,and quantifies the depth of FTA in effect in the world during the same period.This paper empirically examines the impact of the depth of the FTA's border measures and behind-the-border measures on the quality of the export products of the participating countries.The results show that the deepening of FTA can significantly improve the quality of export products of the participating countries,and the behind-the-border measures has a greater impact than the border measures and has a long-term cumulative effect.The conclusion is robust after a series of tests,such as substituting proxy variables,using PPML method,adding pre-variables and using instrumental variables.At the same time,based on the mediating mechanism effect of heterogeneity clauses on the quality of national export products,it is found that border measures can improve the quality of national export products by influencing the quality of import intermediate products.The behind-the-border measures improves the quality of export products by improving the level of national innovation of the countries participating in the agreement.The research in this paper provides a new analytical perspective for the impact of FTA depth on the quality of national export products.