近海风电结构台风环境动力灾变与控制

DYNAMIC CATASTROPHE AND CONTROL OF OFFSHORE WIND POWER STRUCTURES IN TYPHOON ENVIRONMENT

开发海上风能是实现我国碳达峰、碳中和“3060”目标的重要举措.海上风电的大型化是降本增效的主要途径,已成为近年来的发展趋势.目前海上风电基础结构设计标准由欧洲领衔;区别于欧洲的海洋环境与地质条件,我国海上风电结构面临强台风、软弱土等挑战,极易发生动力灾变,大型化可能进一步加剧风电结构灾变风险.防灾降载的关键在于深入理解海上风电相关的空气动力学、水动力学、结构动力学、土动力学等的一体化耦合与智能控制.本文围绕台风环境风机动力灾变与控制相关领域的交叉力学问题,结合笔者团队近年研究成果,较为详细地评述了国内外最新研究进展情况,主要包括:台风风场及其诱发的波浪场工程尺度性状,台风环境中风机气动、水动载荷及智能控制策略,风浪流多向载荷联合作用下基础失效模式与结构灾变机制,以及考虑风浪流-结构-基础-海床-风机控制耦合作用的一体化分析设计方法.在此基础上,建议了我国海上风电大型化进程中仍有待突破的研究重点:需更深入掌握台风风场工程尺度性状、台风和台风浪载荷特性,需探索台风环境中的风机控制策略,亟需建立台风环境中大型海上风电整机一体化设计理论并开发国产化工业软件.上述相关领域的突破,对于我国实现海上风能产业的全球引领,具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值.

The development of offshore wind energy has been playing an important role in contributing to the goal of"3060"of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in China.Upsizing of offshore wind turbine is the main approach for cost reduction and efficiency improvement,which has become an important trend in recent years.At present,the design standard of offshore wind structure and foundation is led by Europe.Differing from the favorable offshore environment and ground conditions in the North Sea in Europe,the offshore wind power structures in China has been facing two major challenges:strong typhoon and soft soil,and are thus prone to dynamic catastrophes.The trend of upsizing offshore wind turbines is likely to further aggravate the risk.The key to disaster mitigation lies in the in-depth understanding of the integrated coupling and intelligent control of aerodynamics,hydrodynamics,structural dynamics and soil dynamics related to offshore wind turbine structures.In this paper,the latest research progresses concerning inter-disciplinary studies on catastrophe and control of offshore wind turbines in typhoon environment(including the advances made by the writer’s research group),have been reviewed.The technical contents mainly include:engineering-scaled characteristics of typhoon and its resulting wave field,aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads with intelligent control strategies for wind turbines in typhoon environment,the failure mechanism of foundations and turbine structures under the combined multi-directional actions from wind,wave and current,and the integrated analysis and design method considering the coupling between wind-wave-current-structure-foundation-intelligent control.On this basis,the key research areas that need to be addressed are suggested,including but not limited to:deeper insights into the engineering-scaled characteristics of typhoon and typhoon wave,research of control strategy for wind turbine in typhoon environment,development of integrated design theory and industrial software for large-scale offshore wind turbine in typhoon environment.Breakthroughs in the above related fields have both scientific value and practical significance for China to achieve a global leading position in the offshore wind and energy industry.