《中华人民共和国档案法》效力变“硬”了吗?——以“软法性条款”为考察工具

Has the Effectiveness of Archives Law of the People's Republic of China Become"Hard"?:Taking"Soft Law Clause"as the Investigation Tool

在16版《档案法》中,软法性条款的占比为45.12%,而在20版《档案法》中,软法性条款的占比达到了79.33%,增长了34.21%。实践中,软法性条款固然有可能引发《档案法》的执行力弱化问题,但也有其存在的“合理性”和“必然性”。这种“合理性”和“必然性”可以从直接动因、间接动因、实质动因三重维度获得证成。经过对20版《档案法》运行情况进行考察,可以发现,软法性条款并非不具有执行力,而是存在着独特的内源性执行机制和外生性执行机制。面向未来,为了提升20版《档案法》的“落地”效果,应以其中的软法性条款为重点,通过对软法性条款的“改良”来实现既定立法目的。具体而言,应以打造“联合执法机制”为突破口,优化“软法性条款”的外部执行机制;以“立法参与+法益平衡”为具体路径,激发“软法性条款”的自我实施潜能。

In the 2016 edition of Archives Law,the proportion of soft law clauses was 45.12%,while in the 2020 edition of Archives Law,the proportion of soft law clauses reached 79.33%,up 34.21%.In practice,although soft law clauses may lead to the weakening of the enforcement of Archives Law,they also have their"rationality"and"inevitability".This"rationality"and"inevitability"can be proved from the three dimensions of direct motivation,indirect motivation and substantive motivation.After reviewing the operation of the 2020 edition of Archives Law,it can be found that the soft law clauses do not have enforcement power,but there are unique endogenous enforcement mechanisms and exogenous enforcement mechanisms.Facing the future,in order to improve the"landing"effect of the 2020 Edition of Archives Law,we should focus on the soft law clauses and achieve the established legislative purpose by"improving"the soft law clauses.Specifically,we should optimize the external enforcement mechanism of"soft law clauses"by building a"joint enforcement mechanism";Take"legislative participation and balance of legal interests"as the specific path to stimulate the self implementation potential of"soft law clauses".