贵阳市学生新型冠状病毒肺炎认知和防护行为调查分析

Analysis of students’ cognitive and protective behaviors towards COVID-19 in Guiyang City

目的 了解贵阳市大中小学生对新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)相关知识、防护行为情况,为学校开展新冠肺炎疫情防控工作提供参考。方法 2020年9月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取贵阳市3个区19所学校,采用问卷调查方式对5 330名小学四年级至大学三年级学生开展新冠肺炎相关知识和防护行为调查。结果贵阳市学生新冠肺炎通过呼吸道传播和密切接触传播的知识知晓率分别为89.5%(4 768/5 330)和79.5%(4 237/5 330)。贵阳市学生在出现发热等症状时坚持上课的比例,在不同地区差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=25.937,P<0.001),不同学段的差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=149.524,P<0.001),是否住校之间差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.996,P=0.007)。98.5%的学生到人群密集地方时佩戴口罩。在公共场所咳嗽、打喷嚏时,职高生和大学生行为正确的比例分别为56.1%和57.3%。职高生和大学生外出回家(宿舍)后每次都洗手的比例分别为29.9%和35.1%。结论贵阳市大中小学生对新冠肺炎相关知识知晓率较高,防护行为依从性参差不齐,应根据不同特征学生存在的薄弱情况,开展学校健康教育工作。

Objective To understand the knowledge and protective behaviors related to COVID-19 among primary school,secondary school and university students in Guiyang City, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in schools.Methods In September 2020, 19 schools from 3 districts of Guiyang City were selected by stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the knowledge and protective behaviors related to COVID-19 among 5 330 students from the fourth grade of primary school to the third grade of university.Results The knowledge awareness rate of COVID-19 transmission through respiratory tract and close contact among students in Guiyang City was 89. 5%(4 768/5 330) and 79. 5%(4 237/5 330), respectively. The percentages of students in Guiyang City who persisted in class when they had symptoms such as fever were statistically significant in different regions(χ^(2) =25. 937,P<0. 001), in different learning stages(χ^(2) = 149. 524, P<0. 001) and whether they lived in school or not(χ^(2) =9. 996,P= 0. 007). During the COVID-19 prevention and control period, 98. 5% of the students were able to wear masks in crowded places. When coughing and sneezing in public places, 56. 1% of vocational high school students and 57. 3% of university students behaved correctly. The percentages of vocational high school and university students washing their hands every time when they go home( dormitory) after going out were 29. 9% and 35. 1%, respectively.Conclusion The awareness rate of COVID-19 related knowledge among primary school, secondary school and university students in Guiyang City is high, but the compliance of protective behaviors is uneven. School health education should be carried out according to the weak situation of students with different characteristics.