安徽省2020年新冠肺炎疫情防控期间食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学分析

Epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in period of the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Anhui Province in 2020

目的 分析2020年安徽省新冠肺炎疫情防控期间食源性疾病暴发事件发生特点,探讨新冠肺炎疫情防控策略对食源性疾病暴发事件的影响。方法 分析2016—2019年和2020年新冠肺炎流行期间安徽省食源性疾病暴发事件发生情况,资料来源于国家食源性疾病暴发监测系统。结果 安徽省2020年报告食源性疾病暴发事件157起,累计发病1 061人。较2016—2019年年均事件起数和发病人数分别减少了17.4%、31.2%。2020年家庭是食源性疾病暴发事件主要发生场所,其事件数占比(52.2%)和发病人数占比(23.2%)较前3年均有上升;发生在餐饮服务场所的事件数占比(39.5%)和发病人数占比(70.8%)较前3年有明显下降。在2020年已查明事件原因中,致病因素主要为毒蘑菇,占已查明原因事件数的46.9%,高发时间为6—9月,事件数和发病人数达到前3年的2倍。引发因素主要为误食误用,占已查明事件数的59.8%。结论 2020年安徽省在新冠肺炎疫情防控期间食源性疾病暴发事件发生特点有明显改变,其中事件发生主要场所和事件发生的主要原因均与前3年不同。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in period of the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Anhui Province in 2020, and to explore the impact of COVID-19 prevention and control strategies on foodborne disease outbreaks.Methods Analysis of the occurrence of foodborne disease outbreaks in Anhui Province during the prevention and control of COVID-19 from 2016 to 2019 and 2020. The data was from the national foodborne disease outbreak monitoring system.Results In 2020, 157 outbreaks of foodborne diseases were reported in Anhui Province, which caused 1 061 illnesses. Compared with the average annual reports from 2016 to 2019, the number of incidents and illnesses decreased by 17. 4% and 31. 2%, respectively. Households were the main site of foodborne disease outbreaks in 2020, with an increase in the number of incidents(52. 2%) and the number of illnesses(23. 2%) compared to the previous three years.The percentage of incidents occurring in food service places( 39. 5%) and incidence number( 70. 8%) decreased significantly compared with the previous three years. The main pathogenic factor was poisonous mushroom, accounting for 46. 9%of the number of events with identified causes. The high incidence time was from June to September, and the number of events and incidence reached twice that in the first three years. The main cause was misuse of food, accounting for 59. 8% of the identified incidents.Conclusion In the period of the prevention and control of COVID-19 in Anhui Province in 2020,the characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks have changed significantly. The main places and causes of the events are different from those in the previous three years.