数字创业学习:内涵、研究议题与展望

Digital Entrepreneurial Learning:Concept,Research Topic and Prospect

在创新驱动发展战略引领下,数据作为第五大新型生产要素,正在推动数字创业实践的潮涌。其中机会是数字创业活动的核心,但数字创业机会建构的过程研究仍然存在空白。在建构主义视角之下,作为能够塑造创业个体认知与组织决策的学习行为,对于推进机会创造有重要作用。本文聚焦于数字创业学习这一构念,通过整合建构主义理论与数字创业的相关研究,探索数字创业主体在机会建构过程中的学习行为。本文在梳理国内外相关文献基础上,阐释了数字创业学习的理论基础和内涵,并依循“影响动因—学习行为—机会建构”逻辑,探索性地提出了数字创业学习的相关研究议题。本文认为,特定的客观环境和主观认知在塑造数字创业学习行为中扮演重要角色。数字创业行动者通过开展“在想中学”的认知学习和“在做中学”的情境学习推进数字创业机会识别与开发,并基于经验学习实现对数字创业机会的适应性迭代。本文旨在进一步揭示数字时代建构主义机会观与学习观的互动关系,丰富创新驱动创业的微观机理研究。

Under the guidance of the innovation-driven development strategy,as the fifth new factor of production,data is driving the surge of digital entrepreneurship practices,which not only promotes digital industrialization,but also accelerates industrial digitalization.Through the development and utilization of digital technologies,digital entrepreneurship identifies,evaluates and develops opportunities,and ultimately creates digital products and services.Opportunity is therefore at the core of digital entrepreneurship activities.Compared with traditional entrepreneurship,digital technology has significantly changed the way entrepreneurs find and create digital entrepreneurial opportunities.However,there is still a gap in the research on the construction process of digital entrepreneurial opportunities.From the perspective of constructivism,the learning behavior that can shape the entrepreneurial individual cognition and organizational decision-making,plays an important role in promoting the creation of opportunities.Therefore,in order to open the explanatory black box of digital entrepreneurial opportunity construction,this paper focuses on the new construct of digital entrepreneurial learning.By integrating constructivism theory and relevant research on digital entrepreneurship,we explores the learning behavior of digital entrepreneurs in the process of opportunity construction.On the basis of combing relevant literature at home and abroad,this paper analyzes the theoretical basis and explains the applicability of constructivism as the theoretical basis for explaining digital entrepreneurship learning.Then we defines digital entrepreneurial learning from two perspectives,broad and narrow,and identifies the key points in the connotation:cognitive adaptation,social interaction and emotional interaction.What's more,we follows the logic of“influence motivator-learning behavior-opportunity construction”to put forward research issues related to digital entrepreneurial learning.Firstly,Proposition 1 points out that the occurrence of digital entrepreneurial learning is influenced by specific objective environment(including external environment and organizational situation)and subjective cognition(including environmental perception and individual cognition).Secondly,Proposition 2 points out that in the identification stage of digital entrepreneurial opportunities,digital entrepreneurial individuals/teams realize“learning from thinking” through ubiquitous observational learning and interactive alternative learning,then form and revise digital entrepreneurial ideas and creative prototypes.Thirdly,Proposition 3 points out that in the development stage of digital entrepreneurial opportunities,digital entrepreneurial teams/organizations achieve“learning by doing”through heuristic trial-and-error learning and embedded cooperative learning to verify and optimize digital entrepreneurial products services and solutions.Finally,Proposition 4 points out that digital entrepreneurs achieve experience learning through reflective learning,unlearning and forward-looking learning to adaptively iterate on digital entrepreneurial opportunities.The topic of innovation-driven entrepreneurship has been widely paid attention by scholars.Research on entrepreneurial learning in the context of innovation is a deeper interpretation of the cognitive and behavioral decision-making process of entrepreneurship driven by digital technology.However,there is still a problem that the practice frontier is ahead of the theoretical research,which calls for scholars to cultivate research insight that combines practical significance and academic value.Therefore,this paper aims to further integrate the view of opportunity and learning from the perspective of constructivism,and enrich the research on the micro-mechanism of innovation-driven entrepreneurship.Entrepreneurs,entrepreneurial organizations and policy makers should all recognize the importance of knowledge learning in the digital age,and make the right use of the value of digital entrepreneurial learning.