长江经济带物流竞争力空间演化及溢出效应研究

Research on spatial evolution and spillover effect of logistics competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

长江经济带横跨我国东、中、西三大地带,是典型的空间异质区,区域内各省市基础设施、资源禀赋、经济发展、技术水平等存在显著差异,物流竞争力水平极度不均衡,这导致长江经济带内部物流运行效率低、服务能力弱、转型升级困难等问题愈加明显,严重阻碍了长江经济带物流竞争力的全面提升。科学测度长江经济带物流竞争力,全面认识物流竞争力的空间格局演化,深入揭示其影响因素及空间溢出效应,对于探寻长江经济带物流竞争力的提升路径,促进区域物流协同发展具有重要意义。针对此背景,文章基于“钻石模型”,从生产要素、需求条件、相关及支持产业以及企业战略、结构和同业竞争四个方面,结合物流产业的特点,构建了长江经济带物流竞争力评价指标体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法对2006—2018年长江经济带11个省市的物流竞争力进行测度。在此基础上,采用探索性空间数据分析方法对各省市物流竞争力的空间演化特征进行考察,并构建空间计量模型,从技术创新、外商直接投资、产业结构、政府干预和信息化水平等五个方面探究了各省市物流竞争力的影响因素及其空间溢出效应。结果表明:长江经济带各省市物流竞争力差异明显,由下游至上游地区呈梯度递减格局;长江经济带各省市物流竞争力具有显著的空间相关性,下游地区呈现“高—高”集聚、上游地区呈现“低—低”集聚特征,且这种集聚现象比较稳定,存在较强的路径依赖性;长江经济带各省市物流竞争力具有显著的正向空间溢出效应,相邻省市物流竞争力的提升会对本省市物流竞争力的提高产生积极影响;技术创新、产业结构、信息化水平对本地区物流竞争力存在促进作用,而政府干预对本地区物流竞争力具有抑制作用;外商直接投资、产业结构对邻近地区物流竞争力存在正向空间溢出效应,而技术创新、信息化水平对邻近地区物流竞争力具有负向空间溢出效应。根据研究结论,文章从发挥物流竞争力的空间溢出效应、促进区域物流协同发展,推动产业结构优化升级、促进物流业与制造业融合发展,扩大对外开放水平、提升国际物流竞争力等方面提出了提升长江经济带物流竞争力的政策建议。

The Yangtze River Economic Belt spans the east,middle and west of China,which is a typical spatial heterogeneous area.There are significant differences in infrastructure,resource endowment,economic development and technical level among provinces and cities in the region,and the level of logistics competitiveness is extremely uneven.This has led to more obvious problems such as low logistics operation efficiency,weak service capacity and difficult transformation and upgrading in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,which has seriously hindered the overall improvement of logistics competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.This paper scientifically measures the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,comprehensively understands the spatial pattern evolution of logistics competitiveness,and deeply reveals its influencing factors and spatial spillover effect,which is of great significance for exploring the path to improve the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and promoting the coordinated development of regional logistics.In view of this background,based on the“Diamond Model”,this paper constructs the evaluation index system of logistics competitiveness in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from four aspects of production factors,demand conditions,related and supporting industries,enterprise strategy,structure and industry competition,combined with the characteristics of the logistics industry.The Entropy Weight TOPSIS method is used to measure the logistics competitiveness of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2006 to 2018.On this basis,this paper uses the exploratory spatial data analysis method to investigate the spatial evolution characteristics of the logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities,and constructs a spatial econometric model to explore the influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of logistics competitiveness from five aspects of technological innovation,foreign direct investment,industrial structure,government intervention and information level.The results show that there are obvious differences in logistics competitiveness among provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,and there is a gradient decreasing pattern from the lower reaches to the upper reaches;The logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has significant spatial correlation.The downstream region presents“high-high”agglomeration,while the upstream region presents“low-low”agglomeration,and this agglomeration phenomenon is relatively stable and has strong path dependence;The logistics competitiveness of provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has a significant positive spatial spillover effect.The improvement of logistics competitiveness of neighboring regions will have a positive impact on the improvement of logistics competitiveness in this region;Technological innovation,industrial structure and information level can promote the regional logistics competitiveness,while government intervention can inhibit the regional logistics competitiveness;Foreign direct investment and industrial structure have a positive spatial spillover effect on the logistics competitiveness of neighboring regions,while technological innovation and information level have a negative spatial spillover effect on the neighboring regions.According to the research conclusion,this paper puts forward policy suggestions to improve the logistics competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from the aspects of exerting the spatial spillover effect of logistics competitiveness,promoting the coordinated development of regional logistics,promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure,promoting the integrated development of logistics industry and manufacturing industry,expanding the level of opening to the outside world and improving the international logistics competitiveness.