古印度文明历史长河——试探古印度文明之四大阶段

The Glorious History of Ancient Indian Civilization--On the Four Stages of Ancient Indian Civilization

目前,学界虽然将印度历史划分为三个时期,即古代时期、中世纪时期和近代时期,但就具体年代的认定形成不同的观点。从社会制度的变迁,政权统治的更替,以及文化发展的进程来看,古代印度的界定大致以公元前2500年至公元前1200年较为准确。在长达3700多年的古代时期,印度历史上曾出现过四次文化思潮。第一阶段即公元前25世纪至公元前15世纪,原住民首创古印度原始文化;第二阶段即公元前15世纪至公元前5世纪,外来入侵者雅利安人中学识通达和从事宗教活动的婆罗门创造了四吠陀文化;第三阶段即公元前5世纪至公元4世纪,雅利安人中英武勇健和从事政治活动的刹帝利创造了佛教文化;第四阶段即公元4世纪至12世纪,雅利安人共同创造了古印度文明的鼎盛时期,即印度教文化。上述四个阶段都是前者为后者的形成和发展奠定了基础,从而形成历史上辉煌的古印度文明长河。

At present,Indian history is generally divided into three main periods in the academic circle which are the ancient period,medieval period and the modem period,but there are different views on the determination of the specific period.From the perspective of the change of social system,regime and the process of cultural development,the approximate time of the emergence of ancient India is based on the period from 2500 BC to 1200 BC.In ancient India,which lasted for more than 3700 years,there were four cultural trends or mainstream cultural stages.The first stage is from the 25th century BC to the 15th century BC when the primitive Indian culture was created by the indigenous people or Sudras;The second stage is from the 15th century BC to the 5th century BC when the foreign invaders,the Aryan people,learned knowledge and practiced religious activities,and the Brahmans created the four Vedic culture;The third stage is from the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD,when the brave and vigorous Aryan people and the Kshatriya people who engaged in political activities created Buddhist culture;The fourth stage is from the 4th century to the 12th century when the Aryan people jointly created the heyday of ancient Indian civilization,the Hindu culture.From the perspective of historical development,the former laid the foundation for the formation and development of the latter in all the four stages,showing a clear development of civilization and forming a glorious ancient Indian civilization in history.