探析藏族历史上的董氏白利及其分化演变

A Study on the Division of Ldong Be Ri and its Upper and Down Parts in Tibetan History

本文依据众多汉藏历史文献,认为汉文文献中所记载的“白狼、白兰、必里”等为宗喀地区董氏白利的不同写法,且随着白利氏族不断扩张,其势力遍及三大藏族聚集区,十二世纪初,白利氏族便成为安多地区最有影响力的氏族集团,帝师热巴和萨迦•贡瞩坚赞时期,东方董白利甚至成为藏族聚集区具有影响力的氏族。相关文献证明,当时的白利氏族跟西夏、蒙古之间有着密切关系,相互交往与交流较为频繁,对多康地区做出了历史性贡献。自十四世纪起,受各种内外因素,董氏白利分化为上下两部;上部白利控制金沙江上游地区与澜沧江流域,而下部白利控制圣山格拉昂业山地区。其后下部白利势力继续扩展,将格吉杂采那桑朵至木雅地区纳入自己的势力范围。然而,十七世纪蒙军的外部势力的打击下,下部白利遭受侵略,逐渐退出历史舞台。

Based on numerous historical documents of Han and Tibet,"白狼","白兰"and"必里"that are recorded in Chinese documents have different writting methods for their geographical location and accent,so it can be argued that they are the Be Ri in Tshongka region.The Be Ri clan continued to expand and ruled three major Tibetan areas.In particular,in the early 12th century,the Be Ri clan became the most influential clan in the Amdo region,and the Eastern Be Ri of Ldong in the period of Lama Repa and Sakya Pandita became representatives of the Tibetan minority.Relevant documents can prove that the Be Ri clan at that time had a close relationship with the Western Xia and Mongols,and had mutual exchanges.At the same time,the Be Ri clan made many historic contributions to Mdo Kham region.Since the 14th century,due to various internal and external factors,Be Li of Ldong has been divided into two parts in Rma Rdza Sgang,the upper and lower parts.The upper Be Ri ruled the upper reaches of the Jinsha River and the Lan Gang River basin,and later the upper Be Ri Geji became famous throughout Tibet.The lower Be Ri ruled the area at the foot of the Sacred Mountain Sku Lha Ngang Yag.Later,the lower Be Ri expanded its influence and included the lower Be Ri territory from Dge Rgyal Rdza Dkar Nag to Muya.In the 17th century,the Mongol army invaded,the lower Be Ri suffered aggression,and gradually ended.