家用车内空气品质动态变化研究

Air Quality Dynamic Change and Purification in Household Car

目的 探究家用车内空气污染物质量浓度变化及其影响因素,提出合理净化方法。方法 在不同通风方式、不同季节、不同路况及不同净化方式下对甲醛、VOC、CO_(2)的质量浓度进行测试。取人体坐姿呼吸高度z=0.75 m水平面作为典型断面,运用CFD对甲醛的分布情况进行数值模拟。结果 甲醛和VOC的质量浓度在夏季开启空调内循环时最高,分别为0.112 mg/m^(3)和0.24 mg/m^(3);过渡季最低,分别为0.07 mg/m^(3)和0.15 mg/m^(3);CO_(2)质量浓度在过渡季达到最高值9 780 mg/m^(3)。所有污染物的质量浓度在开窗通风和空调外循环时低于其他通风模式。结论 甲醛在过渡季和开窗通风时分布最稀疏;开启空调外循环与内循环时分布相似,后排乘坐人员的位置更容易出现甲醛的堆积;更大送风速度与更低送风温度会有利于减小车内甲醛质量浓度。活性炭与车载净化器能够起到一定的净化效果。

In order to explore pollutants in the car and their influencing factors, and to propose reasonable purification methods, the mass concentration of formaldehyde, VOC and CO_(2)were tested under different ventilation modes, different seasons, different road conditions and different purification methods.The cross-section of human sitting breathing height Z=0.75 m is taken as a typical cross-section, and formaldehyde, which is more representative in concentration changes according to the test results, is selected to simulate its spatial distribution by CFD.When the internal circulation of the air conditioner is turned on in summer the concentrations of formaldehyde and VOC are highest which are 0.112 mg/m^(3) and 0.24 mg/m^(3),and the lowest in the transition season, which are 0.07 mg/m^(3) and 0.15 mg/m^(3).The CO_(2)mass concentration reached the highest value of 9 780 mg/m^(3) in the transition season.The concentration of all pollutants is lower than other ventilation modes when ventilation by opening windows and the air conditioning external circulation.Formaldehyde is most sparsely distributed during the transition season and ventilation by opening windows;the external circulation and internal circulation of the air conditioner are similar in formaldehyde distribution, both of which formaldehyde accumulation are more prone in the position of the rear passengers;greater air supply speed and lower air supply temperature will it is beneficial to reduce the mass concentration of formaldehyde in the car.The use of activated carbon and vehicle-mounted purifier can achieve a certain purification effect.