张岱的“性灵”思想及其影响下的文学创作

Zhang Dai’s Thought of“Nature and Spirit”and his Literary Creation under its Influence

张岱的性灵思想深受阳明心学的影响,“真情”“率性”“闲适”是其核心内涵,这些思想都渗透在他的诗文创作中。他不单在抒发自身情感时表现“真”,在刻画他人形象时也注重表现人物的真性情。他的诗文作品中表现出明显的“世俗化”倾向,常以市民阶层的日常生活为中心,从细枝末节处反映出大众的欲望、趣味、个性和追求。张岱对后世性灵文学思想的发展具有重要的借鉴意义。

Zhang Dai’s thought of nature and spirit was deeply influenced by Yangming’s theory of mind.“True feelings”,“frankness”and“leisure”are its core connotations and these thoughts permeate his poetry and prose creation.He not only expresses“truth”when expressing his own feelings but also pays attention to expressing the true feelings of the characters when portraying the images of others.His poems and essays show an obvious“secularization”tendency,often focusing on the daily life of the civil class and reflecting the public’s desire,interest,personality and pursuit from minor details.Zhang Dai has important reference significance for the development of the literary thought of“nature and spirit”in later generations.