货币本位的历史演进——基于马克思货币理论的分析

Historical Evolution of the Monetary Standard:Analysis Based on Marx's Monetary Theory

通过对马克思货币流通理论的考察,阐明了货币形式的发展是资本主义商品生产内在矛盾的必然产物。由生产力发展带来的全球化商品流通加剧了货币由商品货币形式向纸币形式的转变,这种转变在世界范围内则主要体现为金本位到纯粹美元本位的过程。同时,对现代货币等级制的分析表明,脱离黄金束缚的纸币本位并非颠覆了马克思对货币作为价值尺度职能的基本定义,美元也并没有取代黄金成为“一般等价物”。相反,该等级制在强化美元霸权的同时也面临着新的矛盾挑战,它严重侵犯了其它国家的货币主权和金融主权。在此基础上,本文指出了人民币国际化的必要性和突破美元霸权所面临的两难困境。

Through the investigation of the law of the circulation of money,this paper clarifies that the development of monetray forms is an inevitable product of the inherent contradictions of capitalist commodity production.Brought about by the development of productivity,the globalized commodity circulation has intensified the transformation of currency from the commodity currency form to the paper currency form.This transformation is mainly reflected in the process from the gold standard to the pure dollar standard in the world.At the same time,the analysis of the modern monetary hierarchy shows that the paper currency standard free from the bondage of gold is not a reversal of Marx's basic definition of the function of currency as a measure of value,and the U.S.dollar has not replaced gold as the“general equivalent”.On the contrary,while strengthening the hegemony of the U.S.dollar,the hierarchy also faces new contradictory challenges,which seriously infringes on the monetary and financial sovereignty of other countries.On this basis,the necessity of RMB internationalization and the dilemma faced in breaking the U.S.dollar hegemony are pointed out in this paper.