东方现代“流散文学”与索因卡研究——从《索因卡戏剧研究》说起

On Oriental Modern"Diaspora Literature"and the Study of Soyinka——From The Study of Soyinka's Drama

东方现代“流散文学”是20世纪特定历史文化语境中的文学现象,体现了现代化、全球化过程中东方社会文化多元发展和艰难选择的一个侧面。东方现代“流散文学”表现出不同于古代“流散文学”的特点:规模和影响远胜于古代;不再对异质文化充满新奇感和紧张感。将索因卡当作“后殖民主义作家”的代表,已是学界的共识,但从东方现代“流散文学”的谱系中来考察索因卡,我们认为他是现代非洲典型的流散作家,既有穿梭于本土与西方的生命体验和文化感受,也有非洲作家“本土流散”的深刻体悟,更有创作中文化身份问题的思考。不同于一般流散作家具有的身份困惑和焦虑,索因卡更多地认同异质文化的融合和人类的进步与自由,从东方现代“流散文学”的视角能更好地揭示索因卡文学世界的多元性和复杂性。

Oriental modern“diaspora literature”is a literary phenomenon in a specific historical and cultural context of the 20th centu⁃ry,which reflects a side of the multicultural development and difficult choices of oriental society in the process of modernization and globalization.Oriental modern“diaspora literature”shows characteristics different from ancient diaspora literature.For instance,its scale and influence are far superior to those of ancient times.It is no longer full of novelty and tension about heterogeneous cultures.It has become a consensus in the academic circles to regard Soyinka as a representative of“post-colonial writers”.However,examin⁃ing Soyinka from the pedigree of oriental modern"diaspora literature",we believe that Soyinka is a typical diasporic writer in modern Africa.He has not only the life experience and cultural feelings of the native land and the West,but also the profound comprehension of“local diaspora”of African writers.Moreover,he has the reflection on cultural identity issues in creation.However,Soyinka isn't stuck for the identity confusion and anxiety of ordinary diaspora writers,and what he thinks about is the integration of heterogeneous cultures and the progress and freedom of mankind.From the perspective of oriental modern“diaspora literature”,the diversity and com⁃plexity of Soyinka's literary world can be better revealed.