神话原型移位于现实的伟大虚构——论贾宝玉“衔玉而生”的象征意义

The Great Fiction of the Transfer of Mythological Archetypes to Reality——The Symbolic Meaning of Jia Baoyu’s“Birth with Jade”

就表现贾宝玉的思想性格而言,“衔玉而生”是一个很关键的象征。“玉”蕴藉了女娲补天精神,即用女性主义精神去补被男性主义破坏的“天”,由此“宝玉”成为了女性主义精神原型的象征。“衔玉而生”又是连接女娲补天神话和贾宝玉心理之间的媒介,使贾宝玉的现实思想行为获得了神话原型的潜意识心理。“衔玉而生”是一个伟大的虚构,在女娲补天神话和贾宝玉现实思想行为之间建立了一条内在原型联系的通道,从而使贾宝玉现实思想行为获得了神话原型的动力与解释。贾宝玉“衔玉而生”与贾宝玉最后回到大荒山成为一块石头,两者构成一种二元对立结构,这个二元对立结构表现了曹雪芹的深刻思想:“宝玉”重新变成石头也包含着“衔玉而生”的玉变成石头,指向的是现实对人的彻底毁灭和人的不可救药的大悲剧。

“Born with Jade”is a key symbol for expressing Jia Baoyu’s ideological character.“Jade”embodies the spirit of Nu Wa’s mending the sky,that is,using the feminist spirit to mend the“sky”destroyed by masculinism,thereby“Baoyu”was made to be a sym⁃bol of the spiritual prototype of feminism.“Born with Jade”is a medium connecting the myth of Nuwa mending the sky and Jia Baoyu’s psychology,enabling Jia Baoyu’s realistic thinking and behavior to acquire the subconscious psychology of a mythological archetype.“Born with Jade”is a great fiction that establishes an internal archetypal connection between the myth of Nuwa mending the sky and Jia Baoyu’s real behavior,thereby enabling Jia Baoyu’s real thought and behavior to obtain the power and interpretation of mythologi⁃cal archetypes.Jia Baoyu’s“Born with Jade”and Jia Baoyu’s final return to Dahuang Mountain to become a stone constitute a binary opposition structure that reflects Cao Xueqin’s profound thought.Baoyu’s returned back to a stone also includes the meaning of“Born with Jade”——the jade becoming a stone,which points to the complete destruction of human being by reality and the incurable trage⁃dy of human being.