铜催化剂在涉氢反应中的失活机制和稳定策略

Deactivation mechanisms and stabilizing strategies for Cu based catalysts in reactions with hydrogen

铜基催化剂对C==O、C—H、O—H和H—H等化学键具有独特活性能力,因而被广泛应用于CO_(x)、醛、酸、酯加氢和醇脱氢等涉氢反应中。然而铜纳米颗粒塔曼温度较低,容易发生颗粒聚集长大而导致催化剂不可逆失活,限制了铜基催化剂的广泛应用。本文首先从表面能、金属物种表面迁移等角度入手系统地介绍了铜基催化剂的失活机理。然后,根据失活原因回顾了铜基催化剂在增强金属与载体相互作用、空间物理固定和合金化等方面的多种稳定策略。最后,通过现有结果分析了未来铜基催化剂的发展方向,指出可以通过失活机理的深入研究,借鉴新材料合成工艺和方法,制备廉价的新型铜基催化剂,为涉氢反应催化剂长寿命运行奠定基础。

Copper(Cu)based catalysts have unique activity in reactions with C==O,C—H,O—H and H—H bond activation,and have been widely used in hydrogenation reactions of CO_(x),aldehydes,acids,esters and alcohol dehydrogenation reactions.However,due to the low Tamman temperature of Cu particles,they are easy to deactivate because of the irreversible particle aggregation,which limits their applications.Herein,the deactivation mechanism of Cu based catalysts was first introduced from the viewpoint of surface energy and particle migration on catalysts.Then,strategies for stabilizing Cu particles including enhancement of metal-support interaction,spatial fixation and alloying were reviewed.Finally,an outlook was present to highlight the direction for Cu based catalysts.Specifically,the deactivation mechanism for Cu based catalysts should be in-depth investigated,and novel catalyst synthesis technologies and methods should be developed to prepare stable and cheap catalysts for reactions with hydrogen.