经历不良事件后低年资护士作为第二受害者离职倾向的作用机制研究

Mechanism of turnover intention of junior nurses as second victims after experiencing adverse events

目的从工作压力、领导风格、个人特质三方面探讨不良事件发生后低年资护士离职倾向的作用机制。方法本研究为横断面调查。采用便利抽样法,选取2020年12月至2022年3月山西白求恩医院的289名护士为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、离职倾向量表、护士工作压力源量表、服务型领导风格量表、前瞻性人格量表对其进行问卷调查。结果结构方程模型表明,护士工作压力源水平正向预测离职倾向,路径系数为0.74,P<0.01,服务型领导风格、前瞻性人格负向预测离职倾向,路径系数分别为-0.60和-0.37,均P<0.01;层次回归分析显示,服务型领导风格和前瞻性人格均负向调节工作压力源对离职倾向的促进作用,调节效应回归系数分别为-0.146、-0.215,均P<0.01。结论医院应提高低年资护士的前瞻性人格特质,培养不良事件发生后护理管理者的服务型领导风格,从而降低低年资护士作为第二受害者的离职倾向,促进护理质量提升,稳定护理队伍发展。

Objective To explore the mechanism of turnover intention of junior nurses after adverse events from three aspects:work pressure,leadership style and personal characteristics.Methods This study was a cross-sectional survey,using the convenience sampling method,289 nurses from Shanxi Bethune Hospital from December 2020 to March 2022 were selected as the research subjects,and the general data questionnaire,the Separation Tendency Scale,the Nurses′Work Stressor Scale,the Service-oriented Leadership Style Scale,and the Prospective Personality Scale were used to survey them.Results Structural equation model showed that nurses′job stressor level positively predicted turnover intention,with a path coefficient of 0.74,P<0.01,while service-oriented leadership style and forward-looking personality negatively predicted turnover intention,with path coefficients of-0.60 and-0.37,respectively,both P<0.01.Hierarchical regression analysis showed that both service-oriented leadership style and forward-looking personality negatively moderated the promotion of job stressors on turnover intention,and the moderating effect regression coefficients were-0.146,-0.215,both P<0.01.Conclusions Hospitals should improve the prospective personality traits of junior nurses and cultivate the service-oriented leadership style of nursing managers after adverse events,so as to reduce the turnover tendency of junior nurses as the second victim,promote the improvement of nursing quality,and stabilize nursing team development.