铋工质阳极层推力器的研究与发展

Research and Development of Bismuth Thruster with Anode Layer

阳极层推力器(TAL)作为一种高功率、比冲、效率的电推力器逐渐成为国内外研究机构关注的重点,其在深空探测领域具有巨大应用潜力。然而,传统的氙工质不仅价格昂贵、提纯难度大、需要高压贮存,而且不能充分发挥TAL的性能优势。固体金属铋工质具有贮存密度高、成本低、易电离等特点成为代替氙工质的理想选择。本文根据TAL的工作原理与结构特点,对铋工质的适用性进行论述。首先对该推力器的研究现状和发展趋势进行概述;其次对铋工质的性能优势进行了阐述;然后对该推力器的结构组成、工作原理及关键技术进行总结与分析;最后对该推力器的应用前景进行展望。

As a kind of electric thruster with high power,high specific impulse,and high efficiency,thruster with anode layer(TAL)has gradually become the focus of research institutions all over the world.It has a huge application potential in the field of deep space exploration.However,conventional xenon working media are expensive,difficult to purify,and need high pressure storage.Besides,they cannot give full play to the performance advantages of TAL.Solid bismuth is an ideal alternative to xenon due to its high storage density,low cost,and easy ionization.In this paper,the applicability of bismuth is discussed according to the working principle and structure characteristics of TAL.Firstly,the research status and development trend are summarized.Then,the performance advantages of bismuth are elaborated,and the structural composition,working principle,and key technologies of the thruster are analyzed and summarized.Finally,the application prospect of the thruster is commented.