共识与差异:政策工具视角下中国政府数据开放隐私保护央地政策的文本分析

Consensus and Difference:Text Analysis of Privacy Protection Central and Local Policies of Chinese Government Data Opening from the Perspective of Policy Tools

[目的/意义]隐私保护已成为国家推进政府数据开放的重要政策目标。聚焦央地政府数据开放隐私保护的政策工具问题,进而研究央地政策工具的共识、差异和深层逻辑。[方法/过程]选取2013-2022年间央地制定的政府数据开放隐私保护相关政策121份,运用政策文本分析法,对央地政策的文本属性、主体特征和词频作量化分析。根据罗斯威尔和赛格菲尔德提出的政策工具分类框架,系统论析央地政策工具类型及其工具要素分布,比较央地政策工具的同异性,进而解释政策工具选择的内在逻辑。[结果/结论]研究发现,中央和地方运用政策工具的总体目标都锚定信息安全管理、行政服务改革和技术发展;央地政策工具分类结构的一致性较强,表现出环境型、供给型和需求型三类政策工具使用率逐渐递减的总体趋势。然而,央级政策主体“中心-边缘”结构显著,省级政策主体却呈现“一核多元”特征;单类政策工具的内在结构和政策工具组合形式也具有央地差别。央地政策工具选择的差别,反映出政治情境回应逻辑、价值规范引导逻辑和理性执行逻辑。

[Purpose/Significance]Privacy protection has become an important policy goal of the country to promote government data opening.This study aims to analysis policy tools of data opening privacy protection in the central and local governments,furthermore,this study tries to answer the consensuses,differences and under­lying logic in the policy tolls choice of central and provincial governments.[Method/Process]121 policies relat­ed to the privacy protection of government data openness formulated by the central and local governments from 2013 to 2022 were selected.Using the policy text analysis method,this study quantified text attibutes,subject characteristics and word frequency of the central and local policies.According to the classification framework of policy instruments proposed by Rothwell and Zegveld,this study systematically analyzed the types of central and local policy tools and the distribution of specific tool elements.Furthermore,through comparing the similarities and differences of central and local policy tools,this study also explained internal logic of the choice of policy tools.[Result/Conclusion]This study finds that the overall objectives of the central and local policy tools are an­chored:information security management,administrative service reform and technological development;And the classification structure of central and local policy tools is consistent,showing the overall trend that the utilization rate of environmental,supply and demand policy instruments is gradually decreasing.However,the“center-edge”structure of the central level policy subjects is significant,while the provincial level policy subjects show the characteristics of“one core and multiple cooperators”;There are also central and local differences in the internal structure of a single type of policy tool and the combination of policy tools.The differences in the choice of cen­tral and local policy tools reflect the logic of political situation response,the logic of value norm guidance and the logic of rational implementation.