政府数据开放中个人信息保护的比例原则限制--基于欧盟经验的比较研究

The Principle of Proportionality Limit of Personal Information Protection in Opening Government Data:A Comparative Study Based on the Experience from the European Union

[目的/意义]我国《个人信息保护法》规定了国家机关为履行法定职责处理个人信息的比例原则限制,这亦是政府数据开放中个人信息权利保护的边界。研究比例原则如何适用于政府数据开放,有助于我国在促进数字经济发展的同时有效保护个人信息。[方法/过程]运用文本研究法和案例研究法,重点比较研究比例原则在欧盟政府数据开放中的适用。[结果/结论]我国可通过明确立法授权提升开放行为适当性,综合运用立法及技术手段降低开放行为限制性,对个人及政府信息分类确保开放行为均衡性和构建多元化政府数据开放监督救济机制等路径,确保政府数据开放中的个人信息保护符合比例原则的适当性、必要性、均衡性要求。

[Purpose/Significance]China’s Personal Information Protection Law sets a principle of proportionality limit for state governments to deal with personal information in fulfilling its legal obligations.This limit is also applicable to the protection of personal information in opening government data.This article studies how the principle of proportionality applies to open government data.And this research helps China to protect personal information in a better way while promote its digital economic development.[Method/Process]The research was conducted by both textual and case studies.The key of research was to comparatively study how the principle of proportionality applies to the EU government’s data open.[Result/Conclusion]China is advised to clarify the legality of opening government data in domestic legislation,control the restrictive impact of opening by a combination of both legislation and technologies,categorize government data and personal information to promote the proportionality,and construct a diversified supervision mechanism on open government data,to ensure the protection of personal information in open government data is consistent with the principle of suitability,necessity and proportionality sensu stricto.