面向能源转换的能源定价多维合约

Multidimensional Energy Pricing Contract for Energy Conversion

能源定价是能源互联网中一个重要而复杂问题。由于能源消费者的偏好属于其私人信息,供应商难以准确获取,从而无法合理定价。与此同时,能源互联网中多种能源转换,使得能源之间存在供需上相互影响的关系,多能源定价问题变得更复杂。在多能源交易场景中,多能源聚合器(multi-energy aggregator,MEA)聚合3种能源并将其转换后出售给消费者。该文考虑交易双方信息不对称,将定价问题建模为一个面向能源转换的多维合约设计问题。为求解最优合约,首先推导合约与能源转换方案的关系,然后求解能使合约最优的能源转换方案,最后基于能源转换方案求得与之相对应的最优合约。仿真结果验证了合约满足个体理性和激励相容条件,具有可行性;在信息不对称的前提下,所提方案的服务率和消费者平均收益较逐利合约分别提升了40%和36.5%,MEA平均收益较线性定价方案提升了30%,因而综合性能最优。

Energy pricing is an important issue in the energy internet.However,due to the energy consumers'unwillingness to relieve their preferences toward energy,it is difficult for the energy suppliers to set a proper price for the energy according to the customers’preferences.To make it worse,,the pricing problem becomes more challenging because the energy conversion in the energy internet constructs the complex interaction between different energy resources at the supply and demand sides.This paper considers a multi-energy transaction scenario where a multi-energy aggregator(MEA)aggregates the three kinds of energy resources and sells them to the consumers.Taking into account the information asymmetry between the MEA and the consumers,the paper models the pricing problem as a multi-dimensional contracting problem with energy conversion.Noticing that the pricing contract is coupled with the energy conversion scheme,to get the optimal contract,the paper first derives the relationship between the contract and the energy conversion scheme,then specifies the optimal energy conversion scheme from the perspective of the contract,and finally obtains the optimal contract with the corresponding optimal energy conversion scheme.The numerical results validate the designed contract’s feasibility by guaranteeing the individual rationality and the incentive compatibility properties.Under the information asymmetry,the proposed scheme increases the service rate by 40%to 100%and raises the average profit of the consumers by 36.5%compared to the profiteering contracts.It also increases the average benefit of the MEA by 30%compared to the linear pricing schemes,thus achieving the best combined performance.